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annotate doc/manual/cfp.tex @ 19:db7ff952e01e
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date | Tue, 31 May 2022 02:06:45 -0400 |
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1 \chapter{Configuration Parameters} |
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2 \index{Configuration parameters}\index{Parameters} |
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3 |
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4 \agterm{Configuration parameters} are named constants that control the |
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5 way AnaGram works. AnaGram ignores case\index{Case sensitivity} when |
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6 it looks up the names of configuration parameters, so that |
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7 \agcode{parser name} and \agcode{Parser Name} both refer to the same |
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8 parameter. Configuration parameters that have only true/false or |
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9 on/off values are often referred to as |
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10 \index{Configuration switches}\agterm{configuration switches}. |
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11 |
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12 Configuration parameters are used to control: |
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13 |
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14 \begin{itemize} |
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15 \item Comment nesting |
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16 \item Grammar analysis |
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17 \item Parser generation |
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18 \end{itemize} |
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19 |
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20 Every configuration parameter has a default value which has been |
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21 chosen to correspond to a standard if it exists, customary usage if |
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22 such can be determined, or otherwise to the most likely usage. |
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23 |
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24 Configuration parameters may be specified either in |
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25 \index{Configuration file}\index{File}\agparam{configuration files}, |
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26 always named \agfile{AnaGram.cfg}, or in a syntax file. A |
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27 configuration file is a normal ASCII file containing parameter |
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28 specifications. The syntax of a configuration file is the same as |
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29 that of a configuration segment within a syntax file, except that a |
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30 configuration file does not have the brackets ( \agcode{[ ]} ) that |
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31 enclose a configuration segment in a syntax file. You may comment the |
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32 configuration file freely, just as though it were a syntax file. |
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33 % XXX ``configuration segment'' is a forward reference and we should |
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34 % rearrange all this so it isn't. Also, the forward reference is |
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35 % ``configuration section''. Sigh. |
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36 |
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37 % Parameters can be set in either a configuration file or in your syntax |
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38 % file. |
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39 Apart from the \agparam{nest comments} switch, if a parameter |
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40 is specified more than once, only the last value is used (see below). |
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41 The \agparam{nest comments} switch, which affects the way AnaGram |
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42 reads your configuration and syntax files, takes effect as soon as |
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43 AnaGram encounters it in a file and stays in effect unless it is later |
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44 turned off. |
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45 |
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46 % XXX this should be belabored less. Also, good practice dictates that |
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47 % if you ship a project or a grammar it should compile in someone |
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48 % else's environment, and we shouldn't encourage people to do things |
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49 % like put \agparam{pointer input} in a systemwide AnaGram.cfg. |
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50 % |
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51 % XXX also in the Unix world it ought to read |
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52 % /usr/local/etc/AnaGram.cfg and then also ~/.AnaGram.cfg - or |
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53 % something like that. And it ought to be possible to set params |
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54 % on the agcl command line. We need to think about this. (Well, |
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55 % there's not really any valid use for either, so perhaps it |
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56 % doesn't matter.) |
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57 % |
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58 % How about something like |
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59 % |
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60 % Support for a global configuration file dates from the DOS-based |
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61 % AnaGram 1.x, where the same configuration mechanism was used to |
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62 % establish user interface preferences. AnaGram 2.0 and above handle |
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63 % preferences separately, and the configuration system is only used |
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64 % for code-related options. Since good practice dictates that code |
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65 % should continue to work if exported outside of one's personal |
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66 % environment, there are few or no legitimate uses of the global |
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67 % configuration file and support for it will likely be removed in a |
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68 % future AnaGram release. |
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69 % |
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70 % (But there really should be support for params on the agcl command |
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71 % line; if nothing else it would make it a lot easier to test |
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72 % combinations of settings.) |
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73 % |
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74 On initialization, AnaGram checks the directory that contains the |
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75 AnaGram executable file. If it finds \agfile{AnaGram.cfg}, it reads it |
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76 and sets internal parameters accordingly. It then looks for |
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77 \agfile{AnaGram.cfg} in your working directory and, if it finds it, reads |
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78 it in turn. If any parameter is set in both files, the last setting |
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79 wins. The effect of this two stage process is to allow you to set |
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80 your standard preferences in the principal directory, with specific |
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81 overrides in your working directories. You may also put configuration |
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82 parameters in your syntax file, which override the settings in the |
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83 configuration files. Note that neither configuration file is |
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84 necessary. |
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85 |
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86 Before executing an Analyze Grammar or Build Parser command, AnaGram |
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87 resets configuration parameters to their initial values, as determined |
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88 by the built in defaults and the configuration files read at program |
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89 initialization. |
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90 |
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91 There are, therefore, four levels at which parameters may be set. At |
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92 the first level, there are the settings built into AnaGram. If you |
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93 don't like some of these, you can override them with a configuration |
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94 file at the second level, the tools directory where you installed |
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95 AnaGram. If a particular project needs overrides, you can put them in |
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96 a configuration file at the third level, the working directory for |
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97 this project. And if you have specific configuration requirements for |
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98 a particular parser, the best place for them is the fourth level, the |
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99 syntax file for the parser. |
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100 |
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101 For all of this flexibility, some people prefer to set every |
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102 configuration parameter explicitly in their syntax files so there is |
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103 no question as to what setting is being used. AnaGram is set up so |
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104 you can do it whichever way you prefer. |
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105 |
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106 If you are uncertain as to the actual parameters that AnaGram is using |
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107 at any time, the |
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108 \index{Configuration Parameters}\index{Window} |
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109 \agwindow{Configuration Parameters} window listed in the |
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110 \agmenu{Windows} menu will show you the current state of all |
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111 parameters. |
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112 |
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113 The different varieties of configuration parameters are described |
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114 below. Each definition of a parameter must start on a new line. A |
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115 configuration file is just a sequence of parameter definitions, each |
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116 on a separate line. Blank lines can be used as separators where you |
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117 please, and comments may be used as described for syntax files. |
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118 Case\index{Case sensitivity} is ignored for parameter names (but not |
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119 for the whole definition). In a syntax file, each set of definitions |
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120 must be enclosed with brackets ( \agcode{[ ]} ), forming a |
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121 \index{Configuration section}\agterm{configuration section}, one of |
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122 the four kinds of AnaGram statements. Configuration sections can be |
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123 scattered throughout a syntax file, but each section should begin on a |
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124 new line, and following statements should also of course start on new |
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125 lines. There is no restriction on the number of sections, or on the |
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126 number of times a parameter appears. The last setting of a parameter |
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127 wins. |
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128 |
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129 The first variety of configuration parameter is a simple |
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130 \index{Switches}\index{Configuration switches}switch that controls |
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131 one of the various features of AnaGram. Such parameters are also called |
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132 \agterm{configuration switches}. They need simply be stated to set the |
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133 condition (turn it on) or negated with the tilde (\agcode{\~{}}) to |
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134 reset the condition (turn it off). Thus |
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135 |
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136 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in} |
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137 nest comments |
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138 \end{indentingcode} |
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139 causes AnaGram to allow nested comments, and |
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140 |
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141 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in} |
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142 \~{}nest comments |
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143 \end{indentingcode} |
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144 causes AnaGram to disallow nested comments. |
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145 |
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146 You may also set or reset configuration switches with explicit on or |
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147 off values: |
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148 |
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149 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in} |
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150 nest comments = on |
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151 nest comments = off |
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152 \end{indentingcode} |
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153 |
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154 A second variety of configuration parameter takes a value which is the |
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155 name of a token. Thus |
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156 |
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157 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in} |
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158 grammar token = c grammar |
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159 \end{indentingcode} |
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160 specifies that the token \agcode{c grammar} is the grammar that |
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161 AnaGram should use as the starting point for analyzing your grammar. |
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162 |
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163 A third variety of configuration parameter takes a value which is a C |
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164 or C++ data type. Thus |
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165 |
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166 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in} |
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167 default token type = unsigned char * |
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168 \end{indentingcode} |
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169 signifies that the value of a token, unless otherwise specified, is a |
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170 pointer to an \agcode{unsigned char}. AnaGram does not accept the |
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171 full panoply of C and C++ \index{Data type}data types. The |
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172 restrictions are that AnaGram does not allow specification of array or |
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173 function types, nor explicit structure types. Types that are defined |
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174 with typedef statements, structure definitions, or class definitions, |
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175 including template classes, in your embedded C or C++ are acceptable. |
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176 If you have more complex data types, you should define a simple name |
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177 using a typedef statement. |
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178 |
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179 A fourth variety of configuration parameter takes a string value to |
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180 set an ASCII string used by AnaGram. Thus |
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181 |
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182 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in} |
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183 header file name = "widget.h" |
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184 \end{indentingcode} |
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185 signifies that the header file created by AnaGram should be called |
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186 \agfile{widget.h}. In |
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187 those strings which are used to name the parser or files which AnaGram |
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188 builds, the character ``\agcode{\#}'' is used to indicate that AnaGram |
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189 should substitute the name of your syntax file. In strings used to |
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190 determine the names of program variables or functions, ``\agcode{\$}'' |
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191 is used to indicate that AnaGram should substitute the name of your |
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192 parser. When building enumeration constants for the names of the |
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193 tokens in your grammar, ``\agcode{\%}'' will be replaced by the name |
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194 of the token. |
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195 |
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196 The final variety of configuration parameter takes a numeric value. |
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197 The value may be decimal, octal or hexadecimal, following the C |
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198 conventions, and may have an optional sign. Thus |
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199 |
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200 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in} |
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201 parser stack size = 50 |
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202 \end{indentingcode} |
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203 tells AnaGram to allocate space for at least fifty stack entries when |
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204 it creates your parser. |
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205 |
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206 If AnaGram does not recognize a parameter, it will give you a warning |
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207 with line number, column number, and the message ``no such |
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208 parameter''. If the value for a parameter is inappropriate, such as a |
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209 string value for a parameter which should have a numeric value, the |
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210 message will be ``inappropriate value''. If the error occurs in the |
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211 configuration file found in the AnaGram directory, AnaGram will prefix |
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212 the warning with the complete path name for the file. If the error |
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213 occurs in the configuration file in your working directory, AnaGram |
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214 will prefix the warning with ``AnaGram.cfg:''. If AnaGram encounters a |
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215 syntax error while reading a configuration file, it will honor the |
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216 parameter settings it found before the syntax error, but will ignore |
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217 everything that follows the error. |
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218 |
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219 \section{Alphabetic Listing of Configuration Parameters} |
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220 |
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221 \index{Configuration switches}\index{Allow macros}\index{Macros} |
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222 \agparamheading{allow macros}{switch, default on} |
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223 |
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224 When this switch is set, i.e., on, reduction procedures will be |
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225 implemented as macros if they are sufficiently simple. This makes |
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226 your parser some what more compact and faster but makes it somewhat |
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227 more difficult to debug. It's a good idea to turn this switch off for |
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228 debugging. |
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229 |
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230 \index{Configuration switches}\index{Auto init} |
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231 \agparamheading{auto init}{switch, default on} |
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232 |
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233 This switch controls the initialization of any parser that is not |
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234 \agparam{event driven}. When it is on, the |
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235 \index{Initializer}initializer for your parser is automatically called |
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236 every time the parser is called. |
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237 This is the normal situation. On occasion, however, it |
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238 is desirable to call a parser several times without reinitializing it. |
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239 In this case, you may set the \agparam{auto init} parameter to off. |
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240 Should you do this, you must call the initializer yourself whenever |
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241 appropriate. |
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242 % XXX characterize the occasion... |
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243 |
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244 When \agparam{event driven} is set, \agparam{auto init} has no effect. |
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245 |
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246 \index{Configuration switches}\index{Auto resynch} |
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247 \agparamheading{auto resynch}{switch, default off} |
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248 |
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249 Setting this switch causes AnaGram to include an automatic |
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250 resynchronization procedure in the parser. The resynchronization |
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251 procedure will be invoked upon encountering a syntax error and will |
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252 skip over input until it finds input characters or tokens consistent |
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253 with its state at the time of the error. The purpose of the |
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254 resynchronization procedure is to provide a simple way for your parser |
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255 to proceed in the event of syntax errors so that it can find more than |
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256 one syntax error on a given pass. The resynchronization procedure |
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257 uses a heuristic based on your own syntax. AnaGram itself uses this |
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258 technique to resynchronize after syntax errors in its input. |
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259 |
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260 A disadvantage to using this resynchronization technique is that the |
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261 resynchronization procedure turns off all reduction procedures. The |
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262 reason is that the resynchronization may cause a number of reduction |
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263 procedures to be skipped. This means that the parameters for any |
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264 reduction procedures that might be called later would be suspect and |
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265 could cause serious problems. It seems more prudent simply to shut |
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266 them down. Semantically determined productions will subsequently, of |
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267 course, always use the default reduction token. |
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268 |
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269 If you have a |
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270 \index{SYNTAX{\us}ERROR}\index{Macros}\agcode{SYNTAX{\us}ERROR} |
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271 macro, it will be called \emph{before} the resynchronization |
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272 process. It will also be called on subsequent syntax errors, so your |
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273 program will not lose control entirely. |
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274 |
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275 If you use the auto resynchronization procedure, you must also specify |
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276 the \agparam{eof token} configuration parameter (see below) so that |
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277 the synchronizer doesn't inadvertently try to pass over the end of |
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278 file. |
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279 |
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280 For other methods of recovering from syntax errors, see Chapter 9. |
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281 |
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282 \index{Configuration switches}\index{Backtrack} |
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283 \agparamheading{backtrack}{switch, default on} |
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284 |
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285 If your parser does not continue after encountering a syntax error, |
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286 you can speed up your parser and make it a little smaller by turning |
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287 off the \agparam{backtrack} switch. If \agparam{backtrack} is on, |
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288 AnaGram configures your parser so that in case of syntax error it can |
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289 undo any default reductions it might have made as a consequence of the |
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290 erroneous input. The purpose of such an undo function is to identify |
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291 the proper error frame and to maximize the probability of being able |
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292 to recover gracefully. |
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293 |
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294 % XXX shouldn't these be indexed as ``obsolete parameters'' or |
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295 % something, with xrefs so if you look up ``Bottom margin'' in the |
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296 % index it says ``see ``obsolete parameters''''? |
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297 % |
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298 % Also, shouldn't the various obsolete parameters be described with |
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299 % the same text? |
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300 % |
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301 \index{Configuration parameters}\index{Bottom margin} |
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302 \agparamheading{bottom margin}{integer value, default = 3} |
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303 |
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304 This is an obsolete parameter which was used in the DOS version of |
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305 AnaGram. It is no longer used, but is still recognized for the sake |
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306 of compatibility. |
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307 |
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308 \index{Configuration switches}\index{Bright background} |
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309 \agparamheading{bright background}{switch, default on} |
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310 |
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311 This configuration switch is not used in AnaGram 2.0. It is retained |
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312 for compatibility with configuration files used with the DOS versions |
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313 of AnaGram. |
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314 |
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315 \index{Configuration switches}\index{Case sensitive} |
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316 \index{Case sensitivity} |
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317 \agparamheading{case sensitive}{switch, default on} |
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318 |
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319 Use this switch to control how your parser deals with distinctions |
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320 between upper and lower case. When \agparam{case sensitive} is on, |
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321 AnaGram builds a parser which distinguishes upper from lower case. |
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322 When this switch is off, AnaGram builds a parser which ignores case |
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323 for all input. This does not mean that the values of character set |
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324 tokens are not case sensitive. Although 'a' and 'A' would map to the |
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325 same token, the values would still be lower and upper case |
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326 respectively. |
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327 |
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328 % XXX the last bit could be explained more clearly. (something like |
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329 % ``parsers still preserve case'') |
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330 |
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331 % XXX this should discuss character sets, locales, and other such |
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332 % garbage. |
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333 |
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334 \index{Configuration parameters}\index{Compile command} |
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335 \agparamheading{compile command}{string, default = \agcode{NULL}} |
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336 |
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337 This parameter is retained only for compatibility with the DOS version |
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338 of AnaGram. It is ignored in the Windows version. |
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339 |
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340 \index{Configuration switches}\index{Const data} |
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341 \agparamheading{const data}{switch, default on} |
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342 |
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343 The \agparam{const data} switch controls the use of \agcode{const} |
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344 qualifiers in generated C code. If the switch is on, all fixed data |
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345 arrays in the parser file will be qualified as \agcode{const}. The |
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346 \agparam{const data} switch is ignored if the \agparam{old style} |
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347 switch is set. |
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348 |
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349 \index{Configuration parameters}\index{Context type} |
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350 %XXX: \index{context tracking} ? |
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351 \agparamheading{context type}{c data type, no default} |
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352 |
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353 By default, \agparam{context type} is undefined. If you assign the |
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354 name of a C data type, AnaGram will implement ``context tracking'' in |
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355 your parser. See Chapter 9. The data type name can be either a |
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356 standard, pre-defined data type or one which you create with a |
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357 \agcode{typedef} statement. |
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358 |
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359 \index{Configuration parameters}\index{Coverage file name} |
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360 \index{File extension}\index{nrc} |
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361 \agparamheading{coverage file name}{string, default = \agcode{"\#.nrc"}} |
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362 |
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363 If you set the \agparam{rule coverage} configuration switch, AnaGram |
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364 will provide functions in your parser to read and write rule counts to |
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365 a file. The name of the file will be determined by \agparam{coverage |
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366 file name}. The name of your syntax file will be substituted for the |
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367 ``\agcode{\#}'' character. |
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368 |
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369 \index{Configuration switches}\index{Declare pcb} |
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370 % XXX \index{Parser control block} ? |
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371 \agparamheading{declare pcb}{switch, default on} |
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372 |
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373 When AnaGram builds a parser, it checks the status of the |
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374 \agparam{declare pcb} switch. If it is on, AnaGram declares a parser |
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375 control block for you. AnaGram creates the name of the control block |
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376 variable by appending \agcode{{\us}pcb} to the name of your parser. |
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377 AnaGram will also code an \agcode{\#include} statement to include your |
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378 parser header file, and will define the \agcode{PCB} macro for you. |
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379 If you wish to declare the parser control block yourself you should |
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380 turn this switch off. |
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381 |
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382 \index{Configuration parameters}\index{Default input type} |
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383 \index{Input type} |
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384 % XXX: \index{Types} ? |
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385 \agparamheading{default input type}{c data type, default = \agcode{int}} |
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386 |
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387 This parameter tells AnaGram what data type to assume for terminal |
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388 tokens if they are not explicitly declared. Normally, you would |
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389 explicitly declare terminal tokens only when you have set the |
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390 \agparam{input values} configuration switch. The default type for |
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391 nonterminal tokens is given by \agparam{default token type}. |
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392 |
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393 \index{Configuration switches}\index{Default reductions}\index{Reduction} |
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394 \agparamheading{default reductions}{switch, default on} |
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395 |
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396 If in a given parser state there is only one production that could be |
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397 possibly reduced, it is usually faster to reduce it on any input than |
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398 to check specifically for correct input before reducing it. The only |
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399 time this default reduction causes trouble is in the event of |
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400 erroneous input. In this situation you may get an erroneous |
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401 reduction. Normally when you are parsing a file, this is |
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402 inconsequential because you are not going to continue semantic action |
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403 in the presence of error. But, if you are using your parser to handle |
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404 real-time interactive input, you have to be able to continue semantic |
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405 processing after notifying your user that he has entered erroneous |
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406 input. In this case you would want to turn the \agparam{default |
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407 reductions} switch off so that productions are reduced only when there |
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408 is correct input. |
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409 |
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410 \index{Configuration parameters}\index{Default token type}\index{token} |
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411 % XXX \index{Types} ? |
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412 \agparamheading{default token type}{c data type, default = \agcode{void}} |
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413 |
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414 This parameter takes a C data type as its value. It is used to set |
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415 the data type for the semantic values of nonterminal tokens whose type |
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416 is not explicitly specified in the grammar. To set the default type |
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417 for terminal tokens use \agparam{default input type}. |
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418 |
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419 \index{Diagnose errors}\index{Configuration switches} |
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420 \agparamheading{diagnose errors}{switch, default on} |
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421 |
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422 If you set this switch, AnaGram will include a syntax error diagnostic |
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423 procedure in your parser. This procedure will be called before your |
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424 \index{SYNTAX{\us}ERROR}\index{Macros}\agcode{SYNTAX{\us}ERROR} macro is |
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425 called. It will store a pointer to a string in the |
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426 \agcode{error{\us}message} field of your parser control |
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427 block. The string will contain a diagnostic message. If there is |
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428 only one syntactically correct input, x, for example, the message will |
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429 be ``Missing x''. Otherwise it will be ``Unexpected x'' if the input |
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430 is recognizable but incorrect and ``Unexpected input'' otherwise. If |
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431 the \agparam{error frame} switch has been set, the |
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432 \agcode{error{\us}frame{\us}ssx} and |
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433 \agcode{error{\us}frame{\us}token} fields |
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434 in the parser control block will be set as described in Chapter 9. |
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435 |
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436 % XXX say: diagnose errors causes the token_names[] array to be |
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437 % included in the parser. and index token_names[]... |
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438 |
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439 \index{Distinguish lexemes}\index{Configuration switches} |
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440 % XXX \index{Disregard} ? |
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441 \agparamheading{distinguish lexemes}{switch, default off} |
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442 |
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443 The \agparam{distinguish lexemes} switch has no effect unless a |
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444 disregard token has been defined. Normally, the disregard token |
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445 (usually white space) is optional between lexemes. This may lead to |
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446 apparent shift-reduce conflicts if the characters that comprise the |
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447 second of two successive lexemes can be construed as part of the first |
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448 lexeme. In this situatation, turning on the \agparam{distinguish |
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449 lexemes} switch effectively requires a disregard token to separate the |
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450 two lexemes. |
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451 |
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452 \index{Edit command}\index{Configuration parameters} |
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453 \index{File extension}\index{syn} |
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454 \agparamheading{edit command}{string, default = \agcode{"ed \#.syn"}} |
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455 |
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456 This parameter is no longer used and is retained only for file |
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457 compatibility with the DOS version of AnaGram. |
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458 |
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459 \index{Enable mouse}\index{Configuration switches} |
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460 \agparamheading{enable mouse}{switch, default on} |
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461 |
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462 This parameter is no longer used and is retained only for file |
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463 compatibility with the DOS version of AnaGram. |
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464 |
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465 \index{Enum constant name}\index{Configuration parameters} |
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466 \agparamheading{enum constant name}{string, |
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467 default = \agcode{"\${\us}\%{\us}token"}} |
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468 |
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469 Use the \agparam{enum constant name} parameter to control the names |
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470 AnaGram uses for the enumeration constants it defines in the |
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471 header file for your parser. The value of \agparam{enum constant |
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472 name} should be a string containing the ``\agcode{\%}'' character. |
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473 AnaGram will substitute each token name in turn for the |
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474 ``\agcode{\%}'' character in this template as it creates the list of |
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475 enumeration constants. If it finds a ``\agcode{\$}'' character it |
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476 will substitute the name of your parser. |
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477 |
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478 \index{Eof token}\index{Configuration parameters}\index{Token} |
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479 \agparamheading{eof token}{token name, no default} |
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480 |
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481 If you use the auto resynchronization capability of AnaGram, you must |
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482 specify an end of file token explicitly. You can do this either by |
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483 specifying a terminal token in your grammar called \agcode{eof} or by |
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484 using the \agparam{eof token} parameter to identify some other |
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485 terminal token to be used as the end of file marker. You would do |
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486 this only if you must use the name \agcode{eof} for some other |
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487 purpose. |
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488 |
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489 \index{Error frame}\index{Error frame}\index{Configuration switches} |
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490 \agparamheading{error frame}{switch, default off} |
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491 |
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492 AnaGram uses the \agparam{error frame} switch in conjunction with the |
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493 \index{Diagnose errors}\index{Configuration switches}\agparam{diagnose errors} |
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494 switch. If both are set, when your parser encounters a syntax error, |
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495 before invoking the |
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496 \index{SYNTAX{\us}ERROR}\index{Macros}\agcode{SYNTAX{\us}ERROR} macro, |
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497 your parser will determine the frame in which the error occurred, that |
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498 is, the production the parser was trying to match at the time of the |
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499 error. |
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500 |
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501 % XXX: See chapter (dd.tex) for a complete discussion. |
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502 |
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503 \index{Configuration parameters}\index{Error token}\index{Token} |
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504 \agparamheading{error token}{token name, no default} |
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505 |
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506 One of your options for error recovery after a syntax error is a |
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507 technique similar to that provided in \agfile{yacc}. You include a |
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508 terminal token called \agcode{error} in your grammar. When the parser |
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509 encounters an error in the input it backs up the state stack to the |
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510 most recent state in which \agcode{error} was an acceptable input. It |
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511 then shifts to the new state as though it had seen an actual |
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512 \agcode{error} token. At this point, it skips over any character in |
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513 the input which is not an acceptable input character for this state. |
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514 Once it does find an acceptable input character, it continues |
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515 processing as though nothing had happened. If you wish to use this |
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516 approach and for some reason you wish to use the name \agcode{error} |
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517 for some other token in your grammar, you may use the \agparam{error |
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518 token} parameter to identify some other terminal token in your grammar |
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519 as the ``error token''. |
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520 |
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521 \index{Configuration switches}\index{Error trace}\index{Trace} |
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522 \index{Window} |
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523 \agparamheading{error trace}{switch, default off} |
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524 |
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525 If you turn the \agparam{error trace} switch on, AnaGram will include |
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526 code in your parser so that when it encounters a syntax error it will |
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527 write the contents of the \index{Parser state stack}\index{State |
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528 stack}\index{Stack}parser state stack to a file. The name of the file |
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529 is the same as the name of your syntax file but with the extension |
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530 \index{File extension}\index{etr}\agfile{.etr}. You may override this |
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531 definition by defining |
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532 \index{AG{\us}TRACE{\us}FILE{\us}NAME}\index{Macros}\agcode{AG{\us}TRACE{\us}FILE{\us}NAME} |
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533 in your embedded C. |
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534 |
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535 The \agmenu{Error Trace} option in the \agmenu{Action} menu can then |
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536 read this information and prepare a pre-built \agwindow{Grammar Trace} |
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537 showing you the status of the parse at the time of the syntax error. |
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538 You would use this switch primarily when you are first checking out |
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539 your grammar to make sure it accurately represents the input you |
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540 desire to handle. You would also use it any time your parser |
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541 encounters a syntax error you don't understand. For more information, |
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542 see Chapter 5. |
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543 |
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544 \index{Escape backslashes}\index{Configuration switches} |
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545 \agparamheading{escape backslashes}{switch, default off} |
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546 |
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547 \agparam{Escape backslashes} is used only in conjunction with the |
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548 \agparam{line numbers} option. When turned on, it causes the |
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549 backslashes in the pathname generated by the \agparam{line numbers} |
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550 option to be doubled. This switch has been provided because C and C++ |
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551 compilers are not consistent in their handling of backslashes in path |
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552 names. |
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553 |
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554 \index{Event driven}\index{Configuration switches} |
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555 % XXX \index{AG{\us}RUNNING{\us}CODE} ? |
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556 % XXX \index{exit{\us}flag} ? |
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557 \agparamheading{event driven}{switch, default off} |
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558 |
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559 If you turn the \agparam{event driven} switch on, when you build a |
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560 parser, it will be configured as an ``event driven'' parser. This |
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561 means that after calling its initializer function, you call it once |
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562 with each discrete unit of input. The parser proceeds until it |
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563 needs more input, finishes the grammar, or encounters an error. It |
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564 then returns. The \agcode{exit{\us}flag} field in the parser control |
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565 block is equal to \agcode{AG{\us}RUNNING{\us}CODE} if more input is needed. |
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566 Other values indicate other reasons for termination. |
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567 % XXX crossreference the discussion of exit codes? |
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568 |
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569 When \agparam{event driven} is on, \agparam{auto init} has no effect; |
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570 you must always call the initializer function yourself. |
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571 |
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572 \index{Far tables}\index{Configuration switches} |
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573 \agparamheading{far tables}{switch, default = off} |
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574 |
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575 If \agparam{far tables} is on when AnaGram builds a parser, it will |
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576 declare the larger tables it builds as \agcode{far}. This can be a |
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577 convenience when using some memory models of the 8086 architecture. |
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578 |
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579 \index{Grammar token}\index{Configuration parameters}\index{Token} |
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580 \agparamheading{grammar token}{token name, no default} |
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581 |
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582 The \agparam{grammar token} parameter may be used to specify the |
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583 grammar, or ``goal'', token for the syntax analyzer portion of |
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584 AnaGram. An alternative method is to append a ``\$'' to the goal |
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585 token when you define it. You may also simply use the name |
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586 \agcode{grammar} to identify the grammar token. |
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587 |
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588 \index{Header file name}\index{Configuration parameters}\index{File name} |
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589 \agparamheading{header file name}{string, default = \agcode{"\#.h"}} |
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590 |
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591 This parameter names the parser header file AnaGram generates. The |
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592 contents of the header file are described in Chapter 9. When AnaGram |
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593 creates the file, it copies the value of \agparam{header file name}, |
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594 substituting the name of your syntax file for the ``\agcode{\#}'' |
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595 character, in order to create the pathname and extension for the file. |
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596 You can therefore use this parameter to give the header file a |
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597 particular name, independent of the syntax file name, or to specify a |
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598 particular drive or directory where you want the header file to |
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599 reside. Note that if you include a full DOS/Windows pathname, |
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600 backslash characters must be quoted. |
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601 |
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602 \index{Input values}\index{Configuration switches} |
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603 \agparamheading{input values}{switch, default off} |
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604 |
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605 % XXX this shouldn't say ASCII because it's true even if the |
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606 % characters are some other character set... |
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607 If the input to your parser includes explicit token values which are |
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608 not simply the ASCII values of corresponding ASCII input characters, |
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609 you must set the \agparam{input values} switch to inform AnaGram. |
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610 Unless your parser is \agparam{event driven}, you must also provide |
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611 your own \agcode{GET{\us}INPUT} macro. |
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612 |
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613 \index{Line length}\index{Configuration parameters} |
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614 \agparamheading{line length}{integer value, default = 80} |
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615 |
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616 \agparam{Line length} is an obsolete configuration parameter, recognized |
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617 for the sake of compatibility with configuration files prepared for |
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618 the DOS version of AnaGram. It is ignored in AnaGram 2.0. |
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619 |
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620 \index{Line numbers}\index{configuration switches} |
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621 \agparamheading{line numbers}{switch, default off} |
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622 |
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623 If \agparam{line numbers} is set, AnaGram will put syntax file line |
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624 numbers into the generated C code file using the |
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625 \index{\#line}\agcode{\#line} |
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626 directive so that your compiler diagnostics will refer to lines in the |
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627 syntax file rather than in the generated C code file. If |
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628 \agparam{line numbers} is off, AnaGram will put syntax file line |
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629 numbers in comments. The |
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630 \index{Line numbers path}\index{Configuration parameters} |
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631 \agparam{line numbers path} and |
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632 \index{Escape backslashes}\index{Configuration switch} |
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633 \agparam{escape backslashes} |
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634 switches may be used to control the generation of the line number |
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635 directives. |
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636 |
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637 \index{Line numbers path}\index{Configuration parameters} |
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638 \agparamheading{line numbers path}{string, default = \agcode{NULL}} |
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639 |
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640 When you have set the \agparam{line numbers} switch and |
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641 \agparam{line numbers path} is not NULL, AnaGram uses it in the |
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642 \agcode{\#line} directive in place of the full path name of your |
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643 syntax file. |
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644 % XXX update for unix where we (maybe) don't generate full pathnames |
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645 |
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646 \index{Lines and columns}\index{Configuration switches} |
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647 \agparamheading{lines and columns}{switch, default on} |
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648 |
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649 If this switch is set, AnaGram will incorporate code into your parser |
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650 to track line numbers and column numbers in its input. At all times, |
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651 the \agcode{line} and \agcode{column} fields in your parser control |
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652 block will mark the location of the current lookahead character. The |
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653 treatment of tab characters is controlled by the |
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654 \index{TAB{\us}SPACING}\index{Macros}\agcode{TAB{\us}SPACING} macro. |
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655 |
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656 \index{Main program}\index{Configuration switches} |
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657 \agparamheading{main program}{switch, default on} |
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658 |
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659 The \agparam{main program} switch determines what AnaGram does if you |
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660 invoke the Build Parser command, but have no embedded C in your syntax |
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661 file. If the switch is on, AnaGram creates a main program which does |
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662 nothing but call your parser. The switch is ignored if your parser |
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663 uses \agparam{pointer input} or is \agparam{event driven}. |
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664 |
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665 \index{Max conflicts}\index{Configuration parameters}\index{Conflicts} |
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666 \agparamheading{max conflicts}{integer value, default = 50} |
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667 |
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668 \agparam{Max conflicts} limits the number of conflicts AnaGram will |
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669 record. Sometimes, a simple editing error in your syntax file can |
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670 cause hundreds of conflicts, which you don't need to see in gory |
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671 detail. If you have a grammar that is in serious trouble and you want |
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672 to see more conflicts, you may change \agparam{max conflicts} to suit |
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673 your needs. |
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674 |
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675 \index{Near functions}\index{Configuration switches} |
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676 \agparamheading{near functions}{switch, default off} |
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677 |
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678 \agparam{Near functions} controls the use of the \agcode{near} keyword |
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679 for static functions in your parser. If your parser is to run on a |
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680 16-bit 80x86 processor you would want to turn it on. If you are |
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681 going to run your parser on some other processor or use a C compiler |
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682 that does not support the \agcode{near} keyword you should leave |
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683 \agparam{near functions} off. |
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684 |
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685 \index{Configuration switches}\index{Nest comments}\index{Comments} |
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686 \agparamheading{nest comments}{switch, default off} |
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687 |
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688 Use this switch to allow nested comments in your syntax or |
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689 configuration files. It defaults to off, in accordance with the ANSI |
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690 standard for C. Note that AnaGram scans comments in any embedded C |
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691 code as well as in the grammar specification. You may turn this |
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692 switch on and off as many times as necessary in a single file. |
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693 |
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694 \index{Old style}\index{Configuration switches} |
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695 \agparamheading{old style}{switch, default off} |
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696 |
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697 \agparam{Old style} controls the function definitions in the code |
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698 AnaGram generates. When \agparam{old style} is off, AnaGram generates |
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699 ANSI style calling sequences with prototypes as necessary. When |
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700 \agparam{old style} is on, it generates old style function definitions, |
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701 and no prototypes. It also causes the |
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702 \index{Const data}\index{Configuration switch}\agparam{const data} |
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703 switch to be ignored. |
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704 |
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705 \index{Page length}\index{Configuration parameters} |
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706 \agparamheading{page length}{integer value, default = 66} |
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|
707 |
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708 \agparam{Page length} is an obsolete configuration parameter, |
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|
709 recognized for the sake of compatibility with configuration files |
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710 prepared for the DOS version of AnaGram. It is ignored in AnaGram |
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711 2.0. |
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712 |
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713 \index{Parser file name}\index{Configuration parameters}\index{File name} |
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714 \agparamheading{parser file name}{string, default = \agcode{"\#.c"}} |
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715 |
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716 AnaGram creates a parser which consists of all the embedded C code in |
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717 your syntax file, the syntax tables created by the syntax analyzer, |
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718 and a parsing engine configured to your requirements. This code is |
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719 written to a file whose name is given by this parameter. When AnaGram |
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720 creates your parser file, it copies the value of the \agparam{parser |
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721 file name} parameter, substituting the name of your syntax file for |
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722 the ``\agcode{\#}'' character, in order to create the pathname and |
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723 extension for the file. You can therefore use this parameter to give |
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724 the parser file a particular name, independent of the syntax file |
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725 name, or to specify a particular drive or directory where you want the |
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726 parser file to reside. Note that if you include a full DOS/Windows |
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727 pathname, you must quote the backslash characters. If writing a C++ |
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728 parser you would use this parameter to set the output filename suffix. |
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729 |
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730 \index{Parser}\index{Parser name}\index{Configuration parameters} |
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731 \agparamheading{parser name}{string, default = \agcode{"\$"}} |
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732 |
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733 % XXX This should say something other than ``name your parser'' |
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734 AnaGram uses the value of \agparam{parser name} to name your parser, |
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735 substituting the name (not including the extension) of your syntax |
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736 file for a ``\agcode{\$}'' character. If you accept the default value of |
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737 \agparam{parser name} and have a syntax file called \agfile{ana.syn}, |
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738 AnaGram will name your parser \agcode{ana}. |
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739 |
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740 The \index{Initializer}initializer for your parser will have the same |
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741 name preceded by \agcode{init{\us}}. In the above example, the |
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742 initializer would be called \agcode{init{\us}ana}. |
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743 |
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744 \index{Configuration parameters}\index{Stack}\index{Parser stack alignment} |
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745 \agparamheading{parser stack alignment}{c data type, default = \agcode{int}} |
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746 |
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747 \agparam{Parser stack alignment} is used to control byte alignment of |
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748 the parser stack, \agcode{PCB.vs}. AnaGram normally adds a field of |
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749 the specified data type to the \agcode{union} declaration that defines |
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750 the data type for the parser stack. This parameter can be used to |
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751 deal with byte alignment problems when a parser is to be run on a |
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752 processor with byte alignment restrictions. For instance, if your |
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753 grammar has tokens of type \agcode{double} and your processor requires |
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754 double precision variables to be properly aligned, you can include the |
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755 following statement in a configuration section in your grammar or in |
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756 your configuration file: |
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757 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in} |
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758 parser stack alignment = double |
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759 \end{indentingcode} |
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760 If the data type is \agcode{void}, no alignment declaration will be |
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761 made. |
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762 % You will not need to change this parameter if your parser is to |
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763 % run on a PC or compatible processor. |
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764 % |
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765 % XXX this really ought to be updated for the century of the fruitbat |
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766 |
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767 \index{Configuration parameters}\index{Parser stack size} |
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768 \agparamheading{parser stack size}{integer value, default = 32} |
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769 |
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770 \agparam{Parser stack size} is used to set the sizes of the parser |
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771 stacks in your parser control block. When AnaGram analyzes your |
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772 grammar, it determines the minimum amount of stack space required for |
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773 the deepest left recursion. To this depth it adds one half the value |
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774 of the \agparam{parser stack size} parameter. It then sets the actual |
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775 stack size to the larger of this value and the \agparam{parser stack |
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776 size} parameter. If you find 32 wastefully large or dangerously |
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777 small, you can define it to suit the needs of your particular parser. |
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778 |
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779 \index{Pointer input}\index{Configuration switches} |
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780 \agparamheading{pointer input}{switch, default off} |
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781 |
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782 When you turn \agparam{pointer input} on you tell AnaGram that the |
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783 input to your parser is in memory and can be scanned simply by |
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784 incrementing a pointer. Before calling your parser you should make |
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785 sure that the \agcode{pointer} field in your parser control block is |
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786 properly initialized to point to the first character or token in your |
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787 input. |
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788 |
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789 Use the parameter |
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790 \index{Pointer type}\index{Configuration parameters}\agparam{pointer type} |
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791 to specify the type of the pointer. The default value of pointer type |
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792 is \agcode{unsigned char *}. |
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793 |
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794 \index{Pointer type}\index{Configuration parameters} |
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795 \agparamheading{pointer type}{c data type, default = \agcode{unsigned char *}} |
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796 |
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797 If you have set the \agparam{pointer input} switch, AnaGram will use |
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798 the value of the \agparam{pointer type} parameter to declare the |
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799 \agcode{pointer} field in your parser control block. |
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800 |
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801 \index{Print file name}\index{Configuration parameters}\index{File name} |
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802 \agparamheading{print file name}{string, default = \agcode{"LPT1"}} |
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803 |
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804 \agparam{Print file name} is an obsolete configuration parameter, |
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805 recognized for the sake of compatibility with configuration files |
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806 prepared for the DOS version of AnaGram. It is ignored by AnaGram |
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807 2.0. |
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808 |
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809 \index{Quick reference}\index{Configuration switches} |
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810 \agparamheading{quick reference}{switch, default off} |
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811 |
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812 The \agparam{quick reference} switch is no longer used, but is still |
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813 recognized for compatiblity's sake. In future versions of AnaGram it |
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814 may no longer be recognized. |
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815 |
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816 \index{Configuration switches}\index{Reduction choices} |
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817 \agparamheading{reduction choices}{switch, default off} |
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818 |
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819 If the \agparam{reduction choices} switch is set when AnaGram builds a |
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820 parser, it will include in your parser file a function which can |
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821 identify the acceptable choices for the reduction token in the current |
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822 state. You would use this switch only if you were using semantically |
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823 determined productions in your grammar and if there were states in |
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824 which not all the tokens on the left side of the production were valid |
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825 reduction tokens. |
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826 |
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827 \index{Rule coverage}\index{Configuration switches}\index{Coverage} |
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828 \agparamheading{rule coverage}{switch, default off} |
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829 |
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830 If you set the \agparam{rule coverage} switch, AnaGram will include |
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831 code in your parser to count the number of times your parser identifies |
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832 each rule in your grammar. To maintain the counts, AnaGram declares, |
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833 at the beginning of your parser, an integer array, whose name is |
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834 created by appending \agcode{{\us}nrc} to the name of your parser. The |
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835 array contains one counter for each rule you have defined in your |
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836 grammar. There are no entries for the auxiliary rules that AnaGram |
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837 creates to deal with set overlaps or disregard statements. In order |
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838 to identify every rule that the parser reduces in the course of |
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839 execution, AnaGram |
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840 has to turn off certain optimization features in your parser. |
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841 Therefore, a parser that has the \agparam{rule coverage} switch |
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842 enabled will run slightly slower than one with the switch off. An |
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843 entry on the \agmenu{Browse} menu allows you to view the coverage data. |
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844 % XXX See Chapter ???. |
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845 |
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846 \index{Tab spacing}\index{Configuration parameters} |
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847 \agparamheading{tab spacing}{integer value, default = 8} |
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848 |
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849 \agparam{Tab spacing} controls the expansion of tabs when AnaGram |
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850 displays your syntax file or the \agwindow{File Trace} test file. |
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851 |
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852 The value of \agparam{tab spacing} is also used to set the default |
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853 value of the \index{TAB{\us}SPACING}\index{Macros}\agcode{TAB{\us}SPACING} |
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854 macro in your parser. |
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855 |
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856 The default value of \agparam{tab spacing} is 8. If you prefer a |
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857 different value, you should probably include an appropriate statement |
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858 in your configuration file. For example: |
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859 |
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860 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in} |
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861 tab spacing = 2 |
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862 \end{indentingcode} |
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863 |
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864 \index{Test file binary}\index{Configuration switch} |
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865 \agparamheading{test file binary}{switch, default off} |
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866 |
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867 \agparam{Test file binary} causes \agwindow{File Trace} to read test |
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868 files in binary mode. When \agwindow{File Trace} reads a test file, |
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869 it normally reads it in text mode, which in Windows causes carriage return |
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870 characters to be stripped out. Occasionally it is necessary to test a |
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871 grammar where carriage return characters are important and should not |
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872 be stripped. In this situation, set \agparam{test file binary} to on, |
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873 and the carriage return characters will not be discarded. |
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874 % XXX rewrite the second half of this paragraph? |
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875 |
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876 \index{Test file mask}\index{Configuration parameters} |
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877 \agparamheading{test file mask}{string, default = \agcode{"*.*"}} |
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878 |
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879 % XXX default should be ``*'' on unix |
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880 AnaGram uses \agparam{test file mask} to filter the pick list of test |
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881 files when you use the |
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882 \index{File Trace}\index{Trace}\index{Window}\agwindow{File Trace} |
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883 feature. |
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884 You may set it to any value you wish, including a pathname. |
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885 % XXX: test this |
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886 For instance, if you know that all your test files are in the directory |
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887 \agfile{C:{\bs}PROJECT{\bs}SOURCE} and have |
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888 extension \agfile{.FOO} you could set test file mask to |
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889 \agcode{"C:{\bs\bs}PROJECT{\bs\bs}SOURCE{\bs\bs}*.FOO"}. |
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890 Note that, as in any string literal, backslash characters must be |
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891 escaped. |
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892 |
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893 \index{Test range}\index{Configuration switches}\index{Range} |
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894 \agparamheading{test range}{switch, default off} |
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895 % XXX should this really default to off? |
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896 |
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897 When \agparam{test range} is on, AnaGram will insert code in your |
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898 parser to make sure all input characters or token identifiers are |
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899 within the range specified in your grammar. If you do not turn this |
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900 switch on, your parser will run slightly faster, but its behavior will |
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901 be undefined if it gets input outside the range you have specified |
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902 in your grammar. |
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903 |
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904 \index{Token names}\index{Configuration switches} |
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905 \agparamheading{token names}{switch, default off} |
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906 |
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907 When \agparam{token names} is set, AnaGram includes a static array of |
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908 ASCII strings in your parser containing the names of your tokens. The |
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909 name of this array is \agcode{\#{\us}token{\us}names} where the |
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910 ``\agcode{\#}'' character is replaced with the name of your parser. |
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911 The entry for tokens which do not have names is an empty string: |
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912 \agcode{""}. |
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913 |
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914 \index{Top margin}\index{Configuration parameters} |
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915 \agparamheading{top margin}{integer value, default = 3} |
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916 |
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917 \agparam{Top margin} is an obsolete configuration parameter, |
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918 recognized for the sake of compatibility with configuration files |
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919 prepared for the DOS version of AnaGram. It is ignored by AnaGram |
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920 2.0. |
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921 |
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922 \index{Traditional engine}\index{Configuration switches} |
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923 \agparamheading{traditional engine}{switch, default off} |
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924 |
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925 Traditional LALR-1 parsers use a parsing engine which has only four |
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926 actions: shift, reduce, accept, and error. AnaGram, in the interests |
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927 of faster execution and more compact tables, uses a parsing engine |
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928 with a number of short-cut actions. The \agparam{traditional engine} |
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929 switch tells AnaGram not to use the short-cut actions. |
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930 |
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931 You would set this switch primarily in conjunction with use of the |
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932 \index{Grammar Trace}\index{Trace}\index{Window}\agwindow{Grammar Trace} |
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933 in order to have a clearer idea of what is happening. AnaGram will |
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934 then be using the same parsing actions as textbook parsers. Note that |
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935 if a lookahead token has already been selected, AnaGram will display |
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936 it on the last line of the \agwindow{Parser Stack} pane in the |
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937 \agwindow{Grammar Trace} window. |
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938 % XXX what is this note doing here? |
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939 |
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940 You should turn this switch back off when you have finished debugging |
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941 or your parser will be larger and slower than necessary. |
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942 |
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943 % XXX: say that in production code traditional engine is not useful |
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944 % and only serves to slow things down. |
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945 |
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946 \index{Video mode}\index{Configuration parameters} |
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947 \agparamheading{video mode}{integer value, default = $-$1} |
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948 |
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949 \agparam{Video mode} is an obsolete configuration parameter, |
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950 recognized for the sake of compatibility with configuration files |
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951 prepared for the DOS version of AnaGram. It is ignored by AnaGram |
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952 2.0. |