AnaGram interim repo (temporary): doc/manual/sbb.tex annotate

annotate doc/manual/sbb.tex @ 23:cac4c76600eb

Update lint ok file for recent change.

author	David A. Holland
date	Mon, 13 Jun 2022 00:17:10 -0400
parents	13d2b8934445
children

rev	line source
0 13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	1 \chapter{Syntactic Building Blocks}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	2
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	3 This appendix contains examples of the productions necessary to parse
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	4 the more common syntactic elements in your grammar. Each is provided
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	5 with sample reduction procedures, which are adequate in the vast
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	6 majority of cases. You can use these productions like building blocks
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	7 to quickly assemble quite powerful grammars. These productions can be
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	8 also be found in the file \agfile{sbb-doc.txt} in the
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	9 \agfile{examples} directory of your AnaGram distribution. An
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	10 HTML version may be found in the \agfile{html} directory.
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	11 % XXX: s/disk//
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	12
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	13 \index{End of file}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	14 \paragraph{End of File.}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	15 If your parser is going to use conventional stream I/O to read its
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	16 input, you can define end of file as minus one:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	17 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	18 eof = $-$1
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	19 \end{indentingcode}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	20
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	21 If your parser is going to run under Windows/DOS and will use low level I/O
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	22 instead of stream I/O you might define eof as Control Z:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	23
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	24 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	25 eof = \^{}Z
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	26 \end{indentingcode}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	27
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	28 % XXX the following is crap
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	29 If your parser is going to run under UNIX and will use low level I/O instead of
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	30 stream I/O you might define eof as Control D:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	31 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	32 eof = \^{}D
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	33 \end{indentingcode}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	34
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	35 If your parser is simply going to parse a string in memory, the
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	36 definition of end of file should be a null character:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	37
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	38 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	39 eof = 0
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	40 \end{indentingcode}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	41
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	42 It is often convenient, however, to simply define end of file so it
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	43 will work in all of these contexts:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	44
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	45 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	46 eof = $-$1 + 0 + \^{}D + \^{}Z
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	47 \end{indentingcode}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	48
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	49 \index{White space}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	50 \paragraph{White Space.}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	51 It is convenient to have a representation for white space in your
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	52 grammar. Usually you do not wish to distinguish between space
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	53 characters and tab characters, so you can write:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	54
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	55 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	56 blank = ' ' + '{\bs}t'
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	57 \end{indentingcode}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	58
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	59 Using this definition, you can represent required white space of
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	60 indeterminate length with \agcode{blank...} and optional white space
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	61 with \agcode{blank?...}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	62
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	63 It is common, however, to include comments (see below) as white space.
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	64 In this case, you can define the following productions:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	65
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	66 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	67 ws
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	68 -> blank
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	69 -> comment
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	70 \end{indentingcode}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	71
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	72 \index{End of line}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	73 \paragraph{End of Line.}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	74
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	75 Because different systems use different representations for end of
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	76 line, it is wise to use an abstract end of line token in your grammar,
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	77 and define the token separately. If your parser is going to use files
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	78 that are known to use carriage return alone or line feed alone as the
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	79 end of line delimiter you can use one of the following definitions:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	80
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	81 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	82 eol = '{\bs}r' // carriage return only
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	83 eol = '{\bs}n' // line feed only
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	84 \end{indentingcode}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	85
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	86 If your input files use the newline character as a line terminator,
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	87 but you wish to allow for optional carriage returns, you might write:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	88
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	89 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	90 eol
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	91 -> '{\bs}r'?, '{\bs}n'
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	92 \end{indentingcode}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	93
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	94 or even
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	95
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	96 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	97 eol
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	98 -> '{\bs}r'?..., '{\bs}n'
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	99 \end{indentingcode}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	100
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	101 If you wish to make a grammar that can deal with a file of more or
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	102 less arbitrary provenance, some caution is in order. If you allow
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	103 carriage return and line feed both to function as end of line
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	104 characters and you allow blank lines, you may wind up with a very
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	105 ambiguous grammar. For example, suppose you use \agcode{eol...}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	106 somewhere in your grammar and you have defined eol thus:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	107
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	108 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	109 eol
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	110 -> '{\bs}r'
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	111 -> '{\bs}n'
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	112 -> '{\bs}r', '{\bs}n' // trouble!
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	113 \end{indentingcode}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	114
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	115 Your grammar is ambiguous since a carriage return, line feed pair can
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	116 be considered two line endings, according to the first two
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	117 productions, or just one, according to the third.
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	118
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	119 If you really need to allow isolated carriage returns and linefeeds to
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	120 mark ends of line, but need to deal with the pair as well, you can
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	121 make good use of the idiosyncracies of AnaGram's keyword logic by
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	122 writing the following:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	123
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	124 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	125 eol
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	126 -> '{\bs}r'
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	127 -> '{\bs}n'
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	128 -> "{\bs}r{\bs}n"
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	129 \end{indentingcode}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	130
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	131 This will treat a carriage return followed by a line feed as a single
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	132 end of line.
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	133
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	134 \index{Comments}\index{Parsing}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	135 \paragraph{Comments.}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	136 There are two different categories of comments in common use: those
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	137 that run to the end of line, and those that run to a specific
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	138 terminator. The first can be conveniently incorporated into your end
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	139 of line token as a virtual production:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	140
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	141 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	142 eol
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	143 -> ["//", \~{}(eof + '{\bs}n')?...], '{\bs}n'
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	144 \end{indentingcode}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	145
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	146 Thus, \agcode{eol} allows for an optional comment at the end of every
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	147 line. Note that you never want to allow end of file characters in
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	148 your comments.
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	149
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	150 % XXX: simply/simple
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	151 Conventional C comments are slightly more complicated, depending on
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	152 your treatment of nesting. If you are not interested in nesting
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	153 comments, you can simply use the following simple syntax:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	154
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	155 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	156 comment
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	157 -> "/", \~{}eof?..., "/"
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	158 \end{indentingcode}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	159
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	160 Note that this production works because keywords take precedence over
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	161 ordinary character input.
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	162 % XXX add: Otherwise, it would probably conflict with other uses of
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	163 % ``*'' and ``/''.
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	164
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	165 A somewhat more complex way to write this is useful:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	166
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	167 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	168 comment
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	169 -> comment head, "*/"
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	170 -> comment head, comment
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	171 comment head
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	172 -> "/*"
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	173 -> comment head, \~{}eof
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	174 \end{indentingcode}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	175
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	176 Note that where the previous grammar simply ignored the beginning of
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	177 any nested comment, this grammar recognizes a nested comment, but then
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	178 deliberately chooses to ignore nesting.
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	179 % XXX add:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	180
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	181 If you want your comments to nest, you can easily rewrite this grammar
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	182 to allow nesting:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	183
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	184 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	185 comment
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	186 -> comment head, "*/"
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	187 comment head
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	188 -> "/*"
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	189 -> comment head, \~{}eof
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	190 -> comment head, comment
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	191 \end{indentingcode}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	192
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	193 Note that the only difference between nested and non-nested comments
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	194 is whether the grammar rule \agcode{comment head, comment} reduces to
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	195 \agcode{comment head} or to \agcode{comment}.
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	196
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	197 If you wish to defer the question of nesting to run-time, you can
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	198 use a semantically determined production to make the decision:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	199
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	200 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	201 comment
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	202 -> comment head, "*/"
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	203 comment head
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	204 -> "/*"
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	205 -> comment head, \~{}eof
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	206 comment, comment head
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	207 -> comment head, comment = check{\us}nesting();
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	208 \end{indentingcode}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	209
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	210 Although the final production in this grammar has a somewhat
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	211 inscrutable air about it, a little study will show that if
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	212 \agcode{check{\us}nesting} sets the reduction token to \agcode{comment},
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	213 the effective grammar is the same as the grammar above for non-nested
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	214 comments. On the other hand, if \agcode{check{\us}nesting} sets the
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	215 reduction token to comment head, the effective grammar is the same as
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	216 the grammar for nested comments.
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	217
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	218 Assuming you have a switch called \agcode{nest{\us}comments}, you could
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	219 write \agcode{check{\us}nesting} as follows:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	220
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	221 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	222 check{\us}nesting() \bra
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	223 if (nest{\us}comments)
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	224 CHANGE{\us}REDUCTION(comment{\us}head);
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	225 else
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	226 CHANGE{\us}REDUCTION(comment);
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	227 \ket
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	228 \end{indentingcode}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	229 % XXX add some void to that
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	230
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	231 The \agcode{else} clause in this procedure is technically unnecessary
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	232 since \agcode{comment} is the default value of the reduction token.
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	233
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	234 If you wish to skip white space in your input, and wish to consider
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	235 comments as simple white space, you might want to add the following
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	236 production to your grammar:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	237
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	238 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	239 ws
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	240 -> blank
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	241 -> comment
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	242 \end{indentingcode}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	243
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	244 You can then use the \agparam{disregard} statement to ignore
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	245 \agcode{ws} appropriately.
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	246
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	247 \index{Integers}\index{Parsing}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	248 \paragraph{Integers.}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	249 It is quite easy to convert ordinary integers to binary form. For
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	250 instance:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	251
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	252 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	253 (int) decimal integer
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	254 -> '0-9':d = d-'0';
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	255 -> decimal integer:n, '0-9':d = 10*n + d-'0';
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	256 \end{indentingcode}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	257
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	258 If necessary, you can specify that the value of decimal integer be
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	259 maintained as a long:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	260
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	261 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	262 (long) decimal integer
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	263 -> '0-9':d = d-'0';
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	264 -> decimal integer:n, '0-9':d = 10*n + d-'0';
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	265 \end{indentingcode}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	266
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	267 Other representations are equally simple:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	268
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	269 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	270 (long) octal integer
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	271 -> '0' = 0;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	272 -> octal integer:n, '0-7':d = 8*n + d-'0';
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	273
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	274 (long) hex digit
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	275 -> '0-9':d = d-'0';
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	276 -> 'A-F' + 'a-f':d = 9 + (d \& 7);
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	277
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	278 (long) hex integer
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	279 -> {\bra}"0x" + "0X"{\ket}, hex digit:d = d;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	280 -> hex integer:n, hex digit:d = 16*n + d;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	281 \end{indentingcode}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	282
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	283 % XXX: s/if/if as shown/
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	284 Note that if you use the C convention for octal integers, you have to
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	285 redefine decimal integer to avoid ambiguity:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	286
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	287 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	288 (long) decimal integer
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	289 -> '1-9':d = d-'0';
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	290 -> decimal integer:n, '0-9':d = 10*n + d-'0';
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	291 \end{indentingcode}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	292
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	293 % XXX add: This is because 0 standing alone could be either octal or
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	294 % decimal.
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	295
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	296 You can then represent the general case as follows:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	297
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	298 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	299 (long) integer
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	300 -> decimal integer \| octal integer \| hex integer
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	301 \end{indentingcode}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	302
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	303 You can allow for a signed integer with the following productions:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	304
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	305 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	306 (long) signed integer
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	307 -> '+'?, integer:n = n;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	308 -> '-', integer:n = -n;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	309 \end{indentingcode}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	310
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	311 If you have included a disregard statement in your grammar to skip
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	312 over irrelevant white space in your input, you might add the following
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	313 to avoid skipping white space inside a number:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	314
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	315 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	316 {}[ lexeme \bra integer \ket ]
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	317 \end{indentingcode}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	318
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	319 Note that if you were to declare signed integer as a lexeme, your
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	320 parser would not allow space between a leading sign and the integer.
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	321
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	322 % XXX. This should really at least mention dealing with integer
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	323 % overflow.
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	324
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	325 \index{Floating point numbers}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	326 \index{Parsing}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	327 \paragraph{Floating Point Numbers.}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	328 Floating point numbers are somewhat more complex than integers, but
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	329 not significantly so:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	330
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	331 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	332 (double) real
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	333 -> simple real
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	334 -> integer part:r, exponent field:x = r*pow10(x);
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	335 -> simple real:r, exponent field:x = r*pow10(x);
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	336
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	337 (double) simple real
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	338 -> integer part:i, '.', fraction part:f = i+f;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	339 -> integer part, '.'
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	340 -> '.', fraction part:f = f;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	341
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	342 (double) integer part
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	343 -> '0-9':d = d-'0';
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	344 -> integer part:n, '0-9':d = 10*n + d-'0';
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	345
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	346 (double) fraction part
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	347 -> '0-9':d = (d-'0')/10.;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	348 -> '0-9':d, fraction part:f = (d-'0'+f)/10.;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	349
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	350 exponent field
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	351 -> 'e' + 'E', signed exponent:x = x;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	352
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	353 signed exponent
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	354 -> '+'?, exponent:n = n;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	355 -> '-', exponent:n = -n;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	356
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	357 exponent
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	358 -> '0-9':d = d-'0';
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	359 -> exponent:n, '0-9':d = 10*n + d-'0';
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	360 \end{indentingcode}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	361
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	362 % XXX this is all wet - you really need to collect it as a string and
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	363 % then use strtod on it, or you lose precision.
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	364
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	365 Note that fraction part uses right recursion rather than left
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	366 recursion. \agcode{exponent} is effectively the same as
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	367 \agcode{decimal integer}, above, but allows for initial zeroes.
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	368
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	369 The situation becomes somewhat more complex if you wish to allow both
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	370 integer and floating point forms, particularly if you wish to follow
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	371 the C convention for octal integers. First, you cannot have distinct
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	372 productions for integer part and decimal integer, since there is no
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	373 way to distinguish them until a decimal point or an exponent field is
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	374 encountered. Second, since 0129.3 looks for all the world like an
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	375 octal number until the ``9'' is encountered, one either has to
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	376 postpone all conversion calculations until the issue is resolved or
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	377 resort to trickery. Here is a way to resolve the problem by
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	378 redefining integer part:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	379
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	380 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	381 (double) integer part
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	382 -> confusion
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	383 -> octal integer:n = octal2decimal(n);
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	384 -> decimal integer:n = n;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	385
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	386 (double) confusion
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	387 -> octal integer:n, '8-9':d = 10*octal2decimal(n) + d-'0';
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	388 -> confusion:x, '0-9':d = 10*x + d-'0';
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	389 \end{indentingcode}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	390
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	391 where octal2decimal is defined thus:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	392
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	393 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	394 double octal2decimal(int n) \bra
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	395 if (n) return 10*octal2decimal(n/8) + n\%8;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	396 else return 0;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	397 \ket
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	398 \end{indentingcode}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	399
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	400 Here confusion represents a number that starts off looking like an
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	401 octal integer, but then turns into a decimal number, because an eight,
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	402 a nine, a decimal pointer or an exponent field is encountered. When
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	403 this occurs, the function octal2decimal undoes the octal conversion
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	404 that had already been done, and redoes the conversion as decimal
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	405 conversion.
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	406
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	407 If you have included a disregard statement in your grammar to skip
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	408 over irrelevant white space in your input, you might add the following
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	409 to avoid skipping white space inside a real:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	410
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	411 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	412 {}[ lexeme \bra real \ket ]
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	413 \end{indentingcode}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	414
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	415 \index{Names}\index{Parsing}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	416 \paragraph{Names.}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	417 In almost all grammars, it is necessary to identify names. To
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	418 accumulate the characters that make up the name it is convenient to
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	419 use a stack. The reduction procedures in this example use the
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	420 functions \agcode{ipn} and \agcode{pcn} to accumulate the characters.
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	421 \agcode{ipn} initializes storage for the name and stores the first
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	422 character. \agcode{pcn} adds a single character to the name. This
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	423 grammar presumes the existence of a function called
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	424 \agcode{identify{\us}name} which would look up the name in a symbol table
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	425 and return an identifying index.
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	426
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	427 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	428 letter = 'a-z' + 'A-Z' + '{\us}'
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	429 digit = '0-9'
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	430
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	431 (int) name
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	432 -> name string = identify{\us}name();
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	433
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	434 name string
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	435 -> letter:c = ipn(c);
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	436 -> name string, letter+digit:c = pcn(c);
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	437
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	438 \bra // Embedded C to accumulate name
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	439 char name[82];
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	440 int name{\us}length;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	441
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	442 /* Init and Put char to Name */
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	443 void ipn(int c) \bra
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	444 name[0] = c;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	445 name{\us}length = 1;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	446 \ket
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	447
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	448 /* Put Char to Name */
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	449 void pcn(int c) \bra
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	450 assert(name{\us}length < 82);
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	451 name[name{\us}length++] = c;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	452 \ket
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	453 \ket // End of embedded C
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	454 \end{indentingcode}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	455
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	456 % XXX: can I please change the names of ipn/pcn, make the global data
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	457 % static, and so on?
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	458
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	459 If you have included a disregard statement in your grammar to skip
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	460 over irrelevant white space in your input, you might add the following
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	461 to avoid skipping white space inside a name:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	462
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	463 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	464 {}[ lexeme \bra name \ket ]
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	465 \end{indentingcode}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	466
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	467 \index{Names with embedded white space}\index{Parsing}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	468 \paragraph{Names with Embedded White Space.}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	469 It is sometimes convenient to allow symbol names to contain embedded
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	470 white space. This is easily done, although it requires a bit of a
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	471 trick:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	472
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	473 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	474 name
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	475 -> name string, ws?... = identify{\us}name();
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	476
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	477 name string
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	478 -> letter:c = ipn(c);
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	479 -> name string, letter+digit:c = pcn(c);
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	480 -> name string, ws..., letter+digit:c = pcn(' '), pcn(c);
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	481 \end{indentingcode}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	482
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	483 Note that the last production reduces all contiguous white space
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	484 within a name to a single blank.
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	485
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	486 Allowing optional blanks following \agcode{name string} is important.
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	487 If you don't allow them there, any \agcode{ws} following a name will
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	488 be presumed to be embedded \agcode{ws}, requiring another
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	489 \agcode{letter} or \agcode{digit}, which is not what you intend.
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	490 There are two ways to accomplish this. The first, shown above,
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	491 explicitly allows for optional white space following \agcode{name
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	492 string}. The second method is to use the disregard and lexeme
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	493 statements:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	494
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	495 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	496 {}[
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	497 disregard ws
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	498 lexeme \bra name \ket
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	499 ]
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	500 \end{indentingcode}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	501
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	502 If you use the \agparam{disregard} statement you should not include a
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	503 provision for white space in the production for \agcode{name}. Just
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	504 leave it as it was in the previous example.
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	505 % XXX: s/provision for/provision for trailing/
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	506
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	507 \index{Character Strings}\index{Parsing}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	508 \paragraph{Character Strings.}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	509 Character strings are often required. The simplest way to implement
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	510 character strings is as follows:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	511
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	512 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	513 character string
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	514 -> '"', \~{}(eof + '"')?..., '"'
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	515 \end{indentingcode}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	516
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	517 This approach has the disadvantage that it makes no provision for
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	518 nonprinting characters.
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	519
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	520 There are numerous ways to provide for nonprinting characters in your
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	521 character strings. However, you can avoid tedious documentation by
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	522 using the same rules for nonprinting characters that C uses.
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	523 Unfortunately, the C rules for octal and hexadecimal escape sequences
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	524 complicate the writing of the grammar quite substantially. For
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	525 example, if you wish to write a string that consists of ASCII code 11
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	526 followed by the ascii digit ``2'', you must pad with a leading zero,
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	527 writing \agcode{{\bs}0132}, since \agcode{{\bs}132}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	528 according to the rules is a single three digit octal escape sequence
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	529 designating ASCII code 90. The problem is that the rules allow for
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	530 one, two or three digit octal escape sequences, but sequences shorter
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	531 than three digits have to be followed by the end of the string or a
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	532 character that is not an ASCII digit. There is a similar, if not
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	533 worse, problem with hex escape sequences. There is no limit on the
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	534 length of a hex escape sequence, so there is no possible way to make
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	535 the character ``2'' follow a hex escape sequence without using another
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	536 escape sequence.
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	537
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	538 A straightforward approach to writing a grammar for strings consistent
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	539 with the C conventions yields a number of conflicts which correspond
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	540 exactly to the problems discussed above. While it is certainly
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	541 possible to write a grammar for strings that has no conflicts, it is
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	542 easier to proceed in a straightforward manner and use a sticky
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	543 declaration to resolve the ambiguities.
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	544
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	545 Here is the complete grammar for a character string in accordance with
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	546 the C rules. In order to accumulate the contents of the string, this
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	547 grammar uses the functions \agcode{ics} and \agcode{acs}, to
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	548 initialize storage for a character string and to append a character to
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	549 that string respectively.
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	550 % XXX can I please change the names of ics and acs?
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	551
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	552 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	553 character string
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	554 -> string chars, '"'
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	555
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	556 string chars
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	557 -> '"' = ics();
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	558 -> string chars, string char:c = acs(c);
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	559
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	560 string char
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	561 -> simple string char
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	562 -> escape sequence
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	563
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	564 simple string char = \~{}eof - ('"' + '{\bs\bs}' + '{\bs}n')
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	565
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	566 (int) escape sequence
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	567 -> "{\bs\bs}a" ='{\bs}a';
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	568 -> "{\bs\bs}b" ='{\bs}b';
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	569 -> "{\bs\bs}f" ='{\bs}f';
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	570 -> "{\bs\bs}n" ='{\bs}n';
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	571 -> "{\bs\bs}r" ='{\bs}r';
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	572 -> "{\bs\bs}t" ='{\bs}t';
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	573 -> "{\bs\bs}v" ='{\bs}v';
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	574 -> "{\bs\bs\bs\bs}" ='{\bs\bs}';
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	575 -> "{\bs\bs}?" = '{\bs}?';
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	576 -> "{\bs\bs}'" ='{\bs}'';
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	577 -> "{\bs\bs\bs}"" = '"';
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	578 -> octal escape
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	579 -> hex escape
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	580
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	581 (int) octal escape
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	582 -> one octal \| two octal \| three octal
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	583
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	584 (int) one octal
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	585 -> '{\bs\bs}', '0-7':d = d-'0';
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	586
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	587 (int) two octal
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	588 -> one octal:n, '0-7':d = 8*n + d-'0';
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	589
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	590 (int) three octal
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	591 -> two octal:n, '0-7':d = 8*n + d-'0';
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	592
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	593 (int) hex escape
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	594 -> "{\bs\bs}x", hex number
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	595
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	596 (int) hex number
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	597 -> hex digit
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	598 -> hex number:n, hex digit:d = 16*n + d;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	599
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	600 {}[
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	601 sticky one octal, two octal, hex number
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	602 ]
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	603 \bra // Embedded C to define ics and acs
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	604 char string{\us}store[82];
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	605 int length;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	606
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	607 void ics(void) \bra
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	608 length = 0;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	609 \ket
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	610 void acs(int c) \bra
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	611 assert(length < 82);
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	612 string{\us}store[length++] = c;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	613 \ket
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	614 \ket // End of embedded C
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	615 \end{indentingcode}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	616
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	617
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	618 If you have included a disregard statement in your grammar to skip
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	619 over irrelevant white space in your input, you might add the following
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	620 to avoid skipping white space inside a name:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	621 % XXX inside a what?
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	622
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	623 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	624 {}[ lexeme \bra character string \ket ]
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	625 \end{indentingcode}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	626
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	627 \index{Character constants}\index{Parsing}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	628 \paragraph{Character Constants.}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	629 It is almost trivial to extend the above syntax for character strings
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	630 to allow simple character constants:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	631
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	632 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	633 (int) character constant
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	634 -> '{\bs}'', simple char:c, '{\bs}'' = c;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	635
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	636 (int) simple char
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	637 -> \~{}eof - ('{\bs}'' + '{\bs\bs}' + '{\bs}n')
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	638 -> escape sequence
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	639 \end{indentingcode}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	640
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	641 The value of the character constant token is the character code found
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	642 in the input stream.
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	643
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	644 If you have included a disregard statement in your grammar to skip
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	645 over irrelevant white space in your input, you might add the following
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	646 to avoid skipping white space inside a character constant:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	647
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	648 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	649 {}[ lexeme \bra character constant \ket ]
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	650 \end{indentingcode}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	651
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	652 \index{Expressions}\index{Parsing}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	653 \paragraph{Simple Expressions.}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	654 It is often convenient to allow for simple expressions in your input.
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	655 The syntax for expression logic is written in a conventional way,
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	656 using a separate token for each precedence level desired. The
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	657 following grammar will accept simple addition, subtraction,
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	658 multiplication and division of floating point numbers:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	659
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	660 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	661 (double) expression
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	662 -> term
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	663 -> expression:x, '+', term:t = x+t;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	664 -> expression:x, '-', term:t = x-t;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	665
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	666 (double) term
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	667 -> factor
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	668 -> term:t, '', factor:f = tf;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	669 -> term:t, '/', factor:f = t/f;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	670
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	671 (double) factor
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	672 -> real
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	673 -> '(', expression:x, ')' = x;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	674 -> '-', factor:f = -f;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	675 \end{indentingcode}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	676
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	677 An alternative way to write expression syntax is to write an ambiguous
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	678 grammar and use precedence declarations to resolve the conflicts:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	679
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	680 \begin{indentingcode}{0.4in}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	681 (double) expression
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	682 -> expression:x, '+', expression:y = x+y;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	683 -> expression:x, '-', expression:y = x-y;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	684 -> expression:x, '', expression:y = xy;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	685 -> expression:x, '/', expression:y = x/y;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	686 -> unary minus, expression:x = -x;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	687 -> '(', expression:x, ')' = x;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	688 -> real
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	689
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	690 unary minus = '-'
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	691 {}[
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	692 left '+', '-'
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	693 left '*', '/'
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	694 right unary minus
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	695 ]
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	696 \end{indentingcode}
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	697
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	698 Note that we deal with the different precedence levels of unary and
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	699 binary minus by defining \agcode{unary minus}, which AnaGram treats as
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	700 distinct from the simple \agcode{'-'}, and giving it different
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	701 precedence.

Mercurial > ~dholland > hg > ag > index.cgi

annotate doc/manual/sbb.tex @ 23:cac4c76600eb