Mercurial > ~dholland > hg > ag > index.cgi
annotate doc/misc/html/start.html @ 2:4b08ee1ecb99
Adjust install notes to clarify that Wine applies only to the Windows build.
(Thanks to Perry Metzger for test-driving.)
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date | Sun, 26 Apr 2009 17:58:26 -0400 |
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1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN"> |
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2 <HTML> |
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3 <HEAD> |
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4 <TITLE>Getting Started with AnaGram</TITLE> |
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5 </HEAD> |
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6 |
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7 <BODY BGCOLOR="#ffffff" BACKGROUND="tilbl6h.gif" |
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8 TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0033CC" |
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9 VLINK="#CC0033" ALINK="#CC0099"> |
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10 |
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11 <P> |
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12 |
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13 <IMG ALIGN="right" SRC="images/agrsl6c.gif" ALT="AnaGram" |
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14 WIDTH=124 HEIGHT=30> |
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15 <BR CLEAR="all"> |
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16 Back to <A HREF="index.html">Index</A> |
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17 <P> |
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18 <IMG ALIGN="bottom" SRC="images/rbline6j.gif" ALT="----------------------" |
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19 WIDTH=1010 HEIGHT=2 > |
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20 |
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21 <BR CLEAR="all"> |
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22 |
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23 |
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24 <H1>Getting Started with AnaGram</H1> |
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25 <IMG ALIGN="bottom" SRC="images/rbline6j.gif" ALT="----------------------" |
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26 WIDTH=1010 HEIGHT=2 > |
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27 <P> |
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28 |
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29 <A HREF = "#RunningAnaGram">Running AnaGram</A><BR> |
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30 <A HREF = "#AnaGramHelp">AnaGram Help</A><BR> |
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31 <A HREF = "#AnaGramWorks">How Anagram Works</A><BR> |
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32 <A HREF = "#ProgDevelop">Program Development with AnaGram</A><BR> |
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33 <A HREF = "#AnaGramExample">An AnaGram Example</A><BR> |
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34 <A HREF = "#OtherExamples">Other AnaGram Examples</A><BR> |
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35 <P> |
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36 <BR> |
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37 |
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38 <H2><A NAME="RunningAnaGram">Running AnaGram</A></H2> |
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39 <P>There are two AnaGram executables: ag.exe is the graphical version; agcl.exe |
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40 is a command line version, suitable for use in make files. If you provide |
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41 a file name on the command line when you invoke ag.exe, it will load and |
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42 analyze the file. If the Autobuild switch on the Options menu has been |
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43 set AnaGram will also build a parser. |
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44 <P> |
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45 The command line version can accept any number of syntax files on the |
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46 command line. It will attempt to build a parser for each in turn. If it |
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47 fails it will return a non-zero value and will ignore any remaining |
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48 command line arguments. |
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49 <P> |
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50 <BR> |
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51 |
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52 <H2><A NAME="AnaGramHelp">AnaGram Help</A></H2> |
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53 AnaGram has an online hypertext help system, with a Help Cursor, F1 help, |
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54 flyover help, and a Help Topics window. Online Help windows stay on-screen |
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55 until you dismiss them, so you can view any number at the same time. |
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56 Right-clicking on an Online Help window brings up a popup menu of all |
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57 linked topics in the window. For details, select Using Help from the Help menu |
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58 of the Control Panel. |
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59 <P> |
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60 AnaGram's documentation in HTML format, part of which you are currently |
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61 reading, is indexed in <A HREF="index.html">index.html</A>. It covers |
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62 Getting Started, examples, and some further topics mainly condensed from |
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63 the User's Guide. |
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64 <P> |
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65 The <A HREF=../usersguide.pdf>AnaGram User's Guide</A> provides the |
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66 most detail, and could, if desired, be printed and bound. |
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67 <P> |
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68 <BR> |
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69 |
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70 <H2><A NAME="AnaGramWorks">How AnaGram Works</A></H2> |
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71 AnaGram contains an LALR-1 parser generator which creates a |
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72 table driven <A HREF="gloss.html#Parser"> parser</A> from a |
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73 <A HREF="gloss.html#Grammar"> grammar</A> written in a variant of |
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74 Backus-Naur form. AnaGram works in two steps. In the first step, |
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75 or analysis phase, it reads a <em>syntax |
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76 file</em> and compiles a number of tables describing the grammar. In |
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77 the second step, or build phase, it writes two output files: a |
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78 <em>parser file</em>, written in C or C++, and a header file. |
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79 |
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80 <p> |
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81 The header file contains definitions and declarations. The parser file |
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82 consists of: |
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83 <UL> |
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84 <LI>The <em>C prologue</em>, if any.</LI> |
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85 <LI>Definitions and declarations provided by AnaGram.</LI> |
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86 <LI><A HREF="gloss.html#ReductionProcedure"> Reduction |
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87 procedures</A>.</LI> |
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88 <LI>A customized <A HREF="gloss.html#ParsingEngine"> parsing |
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89 engine</A>.</LI> |
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90 </UL> |
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91 <P> The name of the parser file is controlled |
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92 by the <b> parser file name</b> parameter. The name of the parser |
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93 itself, that is, the C symbol within the program, is controlled by |
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94 <b>parser name</b>. In the default case, the |
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95 parser file will have the same name as the syntax file, with the |
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96 extension <tt>.c</tt>. The name of the parser will be the same as the name of |
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97 the syntax file, except that it will be entirely lower case. |
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98 <p> |
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99 Syntax files normally have the extension <tt>.syn</tt>. The rules for |
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100 writing syntax files are given in the AnaGram User's Guide and in |
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101 appropriate help windows in AnaGram. A summary of the rules is |
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102 given in <A HREF="summary.html">Summary of AnaGram Notation</A>. As with |
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103 all programming languages, it is easiest to |
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104 learn the basics of AnaGram from examples. |
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105 <P> |
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106 <BR> |
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107 |
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108 <H2><A NAME="ProgDevelop">Program Development with AnaGram</A></H2> |
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109 The first step in writing a program is to write a grammar in |
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110 AnaGram notation which describes the input the program expects.<p> |
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111 The file containing the grammar, called the <em>syntax file</em>, should have |
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112 the extension <tt>.syn</tt>. You could also make up a few sample input |
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113 files at this time, but it is not necessary to write |
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114 <A HREF="gloss.html#ReductionProcedure"> reduction |
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115 procedures</A> at this stage. |
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116 <p> |
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117 Run AnaGram and use the <em>Analyze Grammar</em> command to |
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118 create parse tables. If there are syntax errors in the grammar at this |
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119 point, you will have to correct them before proceeding, but you do |
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120 not necessarily have to eliminate conflicts, if there are any, at this |
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121 time. There are, however, many aids available to help you with |
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122 conflicts. These aids are described in the AnaGram User's Guide, |
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123 and somewhat more briefly in the Online Help topics. |
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124 <p> |
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125 Once syntax errors are corrected, you can try out your grammar |
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126 on the sample input files using the <A HREF="ftrace.html"> |
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127 File Trace</A> facility described below. With File Trace, you can see |
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128 interactively just how your grammar operates on your test files. You |
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129 can also use <A HREF="gtrace.html"> GrammarTrace</A> to |
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130 answer "what if" questions concerning input to the grammar. The |
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131 Grammar Trace does not use a test file, but rather allows you to make |
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132 input choices interactively. |
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133 <p> |
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134 At any time, you can write |
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135 <A HREF="gloss.html#ReductionProcedure"> |
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136 reduction procedures</A> to process your input data as its components |
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137 are identified in the input stream. Each procedure is associated |
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138 with a <A HREF="gloss.html#GrammarRule"> grammar rule</A>. The |
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139 reduction procedures will be incorporated into your parser when you |
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140 create it with the <em>Build Parser</em> command. |
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141 |
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142 <P> |
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143 By default, unless you specify an input procedure, your parser will read |
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144 input from <tt>stdin</tt>, using the default <tt>GET_INPUT</tt> macro. You will |
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145 probably wish to redefine <tt>GET_INPUT</tt>, or configure your parser to use |
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146 <B>pointer input</B> or <B>event driven</B> input. |
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147 <P> <BR> |
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148 |
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149 <H2><A NAME="AnaGramExample">An AnaGram Example: <tt>ffcalc.syn</tt></A></H2> |
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150 <p> |
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151 To give you a quick introduction to AnaGram notation, a simple, |
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152 but complete, AnaGram program called <tt>ffcalc.syn</tt> is provided |
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153 in <A HREF="examples/ffcex.html">annotated form</A>. This program may |
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154 also be found |
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155 in <tt>examples/ffcalc</tt> in your AnaGram distribution. |
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156 <p> |
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157 <tt>ffcalc.syn</tt> implements a simple four function calculator. |
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158 The calculator has 52 registers, labeled `a' through `z' and `A' |
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159 through `Z'. <tt>ffcalc</tt> evaluates arithmetic expressions and |
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160 assignment statements and prints the results. The expressions may |
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161 contain `+', `-', `*', and `/' operators as well as parentheses. In |
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162 addition, <tt>ffcalc</tt> supports the free use of white space and C style |
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163 comments in the input. It also contains complete error handling, |
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164 including syntax error diagnostics, and |
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165 <A HREF="gloss.html#Resynchronization"> resynchronization</A>.<p> |
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166 <P> |
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167 <BR> |
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168 |
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169 <H2><A NAME="OtherExamples">Other AnaGram Examples</A></H2> |
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170 |
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171 A number of other <A HREF="examples/index.html">examples</A>, ranging from |
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172 nearly trivial to quite complex, have been provided on the AnaGram |
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173 distribution disk in the <tt>examples</tt> directory. All of the examples are |
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174 complete programs which you may build, compile and run. |
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175 |
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176 <p> |
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177 At the |
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178 most elementary level, there are example files for Hello, World! (<tt>hw</tt>) |
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179 and Fahrenheit/Celsius Conversion (<tt>fc</tt>). The documentation files for |
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180 these examples are essentially tutorials in the use of AnaGram. A |
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181 good way to familiarize yourself with AnaGram, therefore, is to try |
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182 out these examples. |
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183 |
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184 <p> |
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185 You could also try building a <A |
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186 HREF="gloss.html#Parser">parser</A> from <tt>ffcalc.syn</tt>. Compile and link |
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187 it using your C compiler. Then try running it. Since it uses default |
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188 input options which read <tt>stdin</tt> you can either type input |
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189 directly, redirect input from one of the test files provided, or |
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190 create your own test file. |
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191 |
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192 <p> |
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193 At the more advanced level, there is |
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194 a complete, functional C macro preprocessor (<tt>mpp</tt>) with your choice of |
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195 two C grammars. There is also a moderately complex scripting |
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196 language (<tt>dsl</tt>) which provides the functionality of DOS batch files |
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197 combined with standard programming constructs such as if statements |
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198 and while statements. <tt>dsl</tt> also contains capability for describing |
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199 data acquisition screens. |
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200 |
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201 <p> |
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202 For each example there is a |
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203 subdirectory containing all of the source files necessary for the |
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204 example as well as a documentation file explaining the example. |
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205 |
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206 <p> |
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207 A number of the examples have been written using C++. Some of these |
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208 use class definitions which are found in the |
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209 <A HREF="oldclasslib/index.html">oldclasslib</A> |
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210 directory. |
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211 </p> |
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212 <BR> |
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213 |
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214 <IMG ALIGN="bottom" SRC="images/rbline6j.gif" ALT="----------------------" |
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215 WIDTH=1010 HEIGHT=2 > |
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216 <P> |
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217 <IMG ALIGN="right" SRC="images/pslrb6d.gif" ALT="Parsifal Software" |
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218 WIDTH=181 HEIGHT=25> |
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219 <BR CLEAR="right"> |
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220 <P> |
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221 |
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222 <A HREF="index.html">Back to Index</A> |
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223 <P> |
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224 <ADDRESS><FONT SIZE="-1"> |
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225 AnaGram parser generator - documentation<BR> |
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226 Getting Started With AnaGram<BR> |
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227 Copyright © 1993-1999, Parsifal Software. <BR> |
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228 All Rights Reserved.<BR> |
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229 </FONT></ADDRESS> |
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230 |
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231 </BODY> |
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232 </HTML> |