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Add lint-style FALLTHROUGH annotations to fallthrough cases. (in the parse engine and thus the output code) Document this, because the old output causes warnings with gcc10.
author David A. Holland
date Mon, 13 Jun 2022 00:04:38 -0400
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1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN">
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2 <HTML>
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3 <HEAD>
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4 <TITLE>Summary of AnaGram Notation</TITLE>
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5 </HEAD>
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6
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7 <BODY BGCOLOR="#ffffff" BACKGROUND="tilbl6h.gif"
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8 TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0033CC"
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9 VLINK="#CC0033" ALINK="#CC0099">
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10
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11 <P>
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12
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13 <IMG ALIGN="right" SRC="images/agrsl6c.gif" ALT="AnaGram"
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14 WIDTH=124 HEIGHT=30>
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15 <BR CLEAR="all">
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16 Back to <A HREF="index.html">Index</A>
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17 <P>
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18 <IMG ALIGN="bottom" SRC="images/rbline6j.gif" ALT="----------------------"
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19 WIDTH=1010 HEIGHT=2 >
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20
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21 <BR CLEAR="all">
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22
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23
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24 <H1 ALIGN="LEFT">Summary of AnaGram Notation</H1>
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25 <IMG ALIGN="bottom" SRC="images/rbline6j.gif" ALT="----------------------"
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26 WIDTH=1010 HEIGHT=2 >
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27 </P>
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28 <BR>
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29
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30 The rules for using AnaGram are given in Chapters 8 and 9 of
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31 the AnaGram User's Guide. This page contains a brief summary.
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32 Section headings and terms which appear in <b> bold face</b> can be found
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33 in the online <b> Help Topics</b>.
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34 <P>
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35 <BR>
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36
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37 <H2>Lexical Conventions</H2>
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38 AnaGram allows the free use of spaces, tabs and <b> comments</b>.
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39 Both C style and C++ style comments are allowed. Blank lines are
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40 allowed, but only <i>between</i> statements.
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41 <p>
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42 AnaGram statements may continue onto following lines as long
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43 as they are clearly incomplete. Normally this rule is satisfied by
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44 dangling punctuation or open parentheses, brackets, or braces. In no
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45 case can a statement continue over a blank line.
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46 <P>
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47 <BR>
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48
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49 <H2>Names</H2>
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50 Symbol names must begin with a letter or underscore, and may
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51 contain letters, digits, or underscores. They may also contain embedded spaces, tabs, and comments. Any sequence of embedded
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52 space, however, is replaced by a single blank character.
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53 <p>
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54 The names <b> eof</b>, <b> error</b>, and <b> grammar</b> have special meanings.
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55 <P>
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56 <BR>
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57
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58 <H2>Character Representations</H2>
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59 You may represent a character using the same rules as for
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60 <b> character constants</b> in C. You may also use signed integers, using
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61 either decimal, octal or hexadecimal formats, again following the
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62 rules for C. You may specify control characters using ^, e.g., ^C.
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63 <P>
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64 <BR>
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65
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66 <H2>Character Ranges</H2>
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67 Character ranges may be specified either in the form 'a-z' or
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68 with two simple characters separated by "..", e.g, 32..255.
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69 <P>
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70 <BR>
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71
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72 <H2>Character Sets</H2>
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73 Use the following operators for more complex character sets:
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74 <DL>
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75 <DT>Set <b> union</b></DT><DD>A + B</DD>
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76 <DT>Set <b> difference</b></DT><DD>A - B</DD>
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77 <DT>Set <b> intersection</b></DT><DD>A &amp; B</DD>
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78 <DT>Set <b> complement</b></DT><DD>~A</DD>
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79 </DL>
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80
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81 AnaGram interprets a single character to mean the set containing
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82 only the character itself.
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83 <P>
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84 <BR>
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85
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86 <H2>Keywords</H2>
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87 A character string enclosed in double quotes is a <B>keyword</B>. The
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88 rules for writing keyword strings are the same as for literal strings
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89 in C. AnaGram parsers have special lookahead logic to recognize
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90 keywords, so that keywords get special treatment. They are <i>not</i>
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91 equivalent to the corresponding sequence of single characters.
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92 <P>
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93 <BR>
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94
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95 <H2>Tokens</H2> The units of a grammar are called <A
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96 HREF="gloss.html#Token">tokens</A>. <A HREF="gloss.html#Terminal">
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97 Terminal tokens </A>may be <b> character sets</b>, <b> keywords</b>,
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98 <b> immediate actions</b>, or <b> virtual productions</b>. <A
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99 HREF="gloss.html#Nonterminal"> Nonterminal tokens</A> are defined
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100 in terms of other tokens by means of productions. <P> <BR>
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101
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102 <H2>Productions</H2>
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103 A <A HREF="gloss.html#Production">production</A> consists of one or more
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104 token names on the left, an arrow ( <CODE>-&gt;</CODE> ), and a
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105 <A HREF="gloss.html#GrammarRule">
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106 grammar rule</A> on the right. A production with more than one name on
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107 the left is called a <A HREF="gloss.html#SemanticallyDetermined">
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108 semantically determined production</A>. Additional productions with
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109 the same left side may be joined by using | or another arrow. The
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110 arrow, if used, must start a new line.
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111
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112 <P> If the token on the left
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113 side of a production is called <i>grammar</i> or is tagged with a
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114 following dollar sign, it is taken to be the <A
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115 HREF="gloss.html#GrammarToken"> grammar token</A>, or goal token for
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116 the grammar.
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117
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118 <P> The names on the left side of a
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119 production may be preceded by a type cast indicating the data type of
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120 the <A HREF="gloss.html#SemanticValue"> semantic value</A> of the
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121 named tokens.
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122
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123 <P> A grammar rule is a sequence of <A HREF="gloss.html#RuleElement">
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124 rule elements</A> joined by commas. The rule elements may be <b>
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125 character sets</b>, <b> keywords</b>, <b> token names</b>, <b> virtual
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126 productions</b>, or <b> immediate actions</b>.
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127
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128 <P> A <A HREF="gloss.html#VirtualProduction">virtual
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129 production</A> is a token name or character set expression followed by
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130 ? or ?..., or a sequence of one or more rules, joined by vertical bars
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131 ( | ) , inside brackets or braces and optionally followed by an
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132 ellipsis (...). The ? indicates an optional token. Braces indicate a
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133 choice among the listed rules. Brackets indicate an optional choice.
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134 The ellipsis represents unlimited repetition. <P> <BR>
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135
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136 <H2>Reduction Procedures</H2>
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137 A <A HREF="gloss.html#ReductionProcedure">reduction procedure</A> is a
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138 piece of C or C++ code following a grammar rule that is to be executed
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139 when the rule is recognized in the parser's input stream. Reduction
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140 procedures may be short form: a single expression followed by a
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141 semicolon, or long form: a block of code enclosed in braces. In either
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142 case they are preceded by an equal sign. Short form procedures may not
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143 continue onto another line.
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144
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145 <P> Reduction procedures may access the
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146 <A HREF="gloss.html#SemanticValue"> semantic values</A> of tokens in
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147 the grammar rule to which they are attached. To each token whose value
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148 is needed append a colon and the variable name used for the token value
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149 in the reduction procedure. In a short form reduction procedure, the
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150 value of the expression is assigned to the <A
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151 HREF="gloss.html#ReductionToken"> reduction token</A>, the token on
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152 the left side of the production. In a long form procedure, use the
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153 return statement to assign a value to the token on the left side of the
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154 production. <p> An <b> immediate action</b> differs from a reduction
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155 procedure in that it may occur in the middle of a grammar rule. To
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156 distinguish it from a reduction procedure, it begins with an
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157 exclamation point rather than an equal sign. <P> <BR>
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158
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159 <H2>Definitions</H2>
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160 You may assign names to frequently used character sets, virtual
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161 productions, keywords, or immediate actions by using a definition
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162 statement consisting of a name, an equal sign and the entity to be
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163 named.
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164 <P>
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165 <BR>
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166
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167 <H2>Configuration Section</H2>
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168 A configuration section is a block of special statements enclosed
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169 in brackets. These are either <b> attribute statements</b> or assign values
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170 to <b> configuration parameters</b> or switches, all of which are
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171 described in on-line help windows.
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172 <P>
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173 <BR>
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174
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175 <H2>Embedded C</H2>
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176 You may include C or C++ code to support your reduction
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177 procedures at any point in your grammar by enclosing it in braces.
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178 The beginning brace must be on a fresh line, and no other statement
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179 may follow on the same line as the terminating brace. A
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180 block of embedded C at the very beginning of a <b> syntax file</b> is
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181 called the <b> C prologue</b>.
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182
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183 <P>
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184 <BR>
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185
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186 <IMG ALIGN="bottom" SRC="images/rbline6j.gif" ALT="----------------------"
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187 WIDTH=1010 HEIGHT=2 >
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188 <P>
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189 <IMG ALIGN="right" SRC="images/pslrb6d.gif" ALT="Parsifal Software"
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190 WIDTH=181 HEIGHT=25>
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191 <BR CLEAR="right">
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192 <P>
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193 Back to <A HREF="index.html">Index</A>
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194 <P>
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195 <ADDRESS><FONT SIZE="-1">
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196 AnaGram parser generator - documentation<BR>
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197 Summary of AnaGram Notation<BR>
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198 Copyright &copy; 1993-1999, Parsifal Software. <BR>
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199 All Rights Reserved.<BR>
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200 </FONT></ADDRESS>
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201
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202 </BODY>
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203 </HTML>