AnaGram interim repo (temporary): doc/misc/html/oldclasslib/charsink.html annotate

annotate doc/misc/html/oldclasslib/charsink.html @ 21:1c9dac05d040

Add lint-style FALLTHROUGH annotations to fallthrough cases. (in the parse engine and thus the output code) Document this, because the old output causes warnings with gcc10.

author	David A. Holland
date	Mon, 13 Jun 2022 00:04:38 -0400
parents	13d2b8934445
children

rev	line source
0 13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN">
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	2 <HTML>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	3 <HEAD>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	4 <TITLE>Character Sink Class Definitions</TITLE>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	5 </HEAD>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	6
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	7
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	8 <BODY BGCOLOR="#ffffff" BACKGROUND="tilbl6h.gif"
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	9 TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0033CC"
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	10 VLINK="#CC0033" ALINK="#CC0099">
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	11
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	12 <P>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	13 <IMG ALIGN="right" SRC="../images/agrsl6c.gif" ALT="AnaGram"
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	14 WIDTH=124 HEIGHT=30 >
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	15 <BR CLEAR="all">
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	16 Back to :
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	17 <A HREF="../index.html">Index</A> \|
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	18 <A HREF="index.html">Class libraries for examples</A>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	19 <P>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	20
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	21
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	22 <IMG ALIGN="bottom" SRC="../images/rbline6j.gif" ALT="----------------------"
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	23 WIDTH=1010 HEIGHT=2 >
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	24 <P>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	25
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	26 <H1>Character Sink Class Definitions</H1>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	27 <IMG ALIGN="bottom" SRC="../images/rbline6j.gif" ALT="----------------------"
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	28 WIDTH=1010 HEIGHT=2 >
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	29 <P>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	30 <BR>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	31 <H2>Introduction</H2>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	32
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	33 A character_sink is an abstract class, from which are derived
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	34 two useful classes, an output_file class and a
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	35 string_accumulator class. The basic idea of a character sink
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	36 is that it can be used as the generic output device for a
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	37 process that generates characters. Other character_sink
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	38 classes can easily be imagined, in particular, parsers that
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	39 take character input.
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	40 <P>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	41 Because character_sink is an abstract class, you cannot
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	42 declare a character_sink. You may however declare a pointer
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	43 to a character sink:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	44 <PRE>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	45 character_sink *sink;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	46 </PRE>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	47 Character sinks overload the "<<" operator for int, (char *)
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	48 and (unsigned char *) operands and return a reference to the
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	49 sink so that multiple operations are possible. For example:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	50 <PRE>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	51 *sink << 'c' << "xyz";
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	52 </PRE>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	53 The important aspect of a character sink is that a stream of
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	54 characters can be easily switched from one destination to
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	55 another.
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	56 <P>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	57 <BR>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	58
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	59 <H2> The output_file Class </H2>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	60 The output_file class is derived from the character sink
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	61 class. There are two initializers: one with no arguments,
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	62 which simply sends characters on to stdout; and one which
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	63 takes a file name as an argument. If the file can be opened,
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	64 characters are sent to the file, otherwise, they go to
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	65 stdout. For example:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	66 <PRE>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	67 output_file out; //sinks characters to stdout
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	68 output_file out("foo.bar"); //sinks characters to foo.bar
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	69 output_file out(NULL); //sinks characters to stdout
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	70
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	71 out << "Hello, world" << '!';
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	72
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	73 character_sink *sink = &out; // sink points to an output_file
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	74 </PRE>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	75 Note, that unlike normal C++ stream I/O, there is no binary
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	76 to ascii conversion involved.
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	77 <P>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	78 <BR>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	79
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	80 <H2> The string_accumulator Class </H2>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	81
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	82 The string_accumulator is derived from the character sink
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	83 class, so you may use it as a destination for any character
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	84 stream. Rather than pass characters on, however, a
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	85 string_accumulator saves them up for later use. A
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	86 string_accumulator works like a push down stack. Each level
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	87 of the stack consists of a string. When you add characters to
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	88 a string_accumulator they are appended to the topmost string
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	89 on the stack.
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	90
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	91 Operators are provided for the following functions:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	92 <UL>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	93 <LI> increment the stack level, thus starting a new string </LI>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	94 <LI> decrement the stack level, thus discarding the top string </LI>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	95 <LI> append a character or string to the top string </LI>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	96 <LI> remove the last character from the top string on the stack </LI>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	97 <LI> inspect or change characters on the stack. </LI>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	98 <LI> obtain a pointer to the top string on the stack </LI>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	99 <LI> concatenate the top strings on the stack </LI>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	100 <LI> obtain a permanent copy of the top string on the stack </LI>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	101 <LI> find the length of a string </LI>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	102 <LI> reset the string accumulator </LI>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	103 </UL>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	104 <P>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	105 <BR>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	106
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	107 <H2> Declaring a string_accumulator </H2>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	108
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	109 To declare a string_accumulator, you must specify the amount
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	110 of storage to be reserved for string storage. If you wish you
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	111 may also specify the maximum number of levels. If you do not
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	112 specify the number of levels you will get just one level. For
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	113 example:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	114 <PRE>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	115 string_accumulator sa(1000, 20);
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	116 string_accumulator lsa(100);
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	117 </PRE>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	118 provides for 1000 characters and 20 levels in sa but just 100
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	119 characters in a single level in lsa.
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	120 <P>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	121 <BR>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	122
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	123 <H2> Changing Levels </H2>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	124
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	125 The "++" operator has been overloaded to increment the stack
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	126 level. You may pre-increment the level to begin accumulating a
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	127 nested string of characters. For example:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	128 <PRE>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	129 ++sa;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	130 </PRE>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	131 To discard the top string on the stack, use the pre-decrement
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	132 operator "--":
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	133 <PRE>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	134 --sa;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	135 </PRE>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	136 The pre-increment and pre-decrement operators return a
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	137 reference to the string_accumulator so that you may combine
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	138 operations in a single expression:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	139 <PRE>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	140 ++sa << "Hello, world!";
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	141 </PRE>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	142 If you store characters on a stack without incrementing the
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	143 level, they are appended to the string at the current level.
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	144 In particular, if you declare a string_accumulator with only
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	145 a single level, you need never increment or decrement it. You
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	146 may, however, wish to use the reset operator.
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	147 <P>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	148 Post-increment and post-decrement operators are also defined
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	149 for convenience in use. Instead of returning a reference to
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	150 the string_accumulator, however, they simply return a copy of
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	151 the control structure (in its pre-decrement or
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	152 pre-increment state) which allows read-only access to the
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	153 content of the string_accumulator. This can nevertheless be
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	154 quite useful:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	155 <PRE>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	156 char *top_string = copy(sa--);
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	157 </PRE>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	158 <P>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	159 <BR>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	160
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	161 <H2> Appending Characters to a String </H2>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	162
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	163 To append characters you may use the overloaded "<<"
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	164 operator, which also returns a reference to the string
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	165 accumulator so you may combine operations:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	166 <PRE>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	167 sa << "Hello, world" << '!';
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	168 </PRE>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	169 To start a new string and append characters use the
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	170 pre-increment operator as well:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	171 <PRE>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	172 ++sa << "Hello, world" << '!';
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	173 </PRE>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	174 <P>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	175 <BR>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	176
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	177 <H2> Removing Characters from a String </H2>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	178
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	179 To pop off the last character on the top string:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	180 <PFRE>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	181 int c;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	182 sa << c;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	183 </PRE>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	184 <P>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	185 <BR>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	186
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	187 <H2> Accessing the Content of a String </H2>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	188
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	189 To inspect or change the k'th character from the top of the
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	190 stack:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	191 <PRE>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	192 int c = sa[k];
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	193 sa[k] = '!';
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	194 </PRE>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	195 If k is zero you get the last character on topmost string
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	196 in the string_accumulator.
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	197 <P>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	198 To get a pointer to the top string on the stack, use the
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	199 (char *) cast operator:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	200 <PRE>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	201 char *p;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	202 p = (char *) sa;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	203 </PRE>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	204 <BR>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	205
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	206 <H2> Concatenating Strings </H2>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	207
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	208 To concatenate the top two strings on the stack, use
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	209 concat():
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	210 <PRE>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	211 concat(sa);
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	212 </PRE>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	213 <BR>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	214
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	215 <H2> Making a Permanent Copy of a String </H2>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	216
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	217 To make a copy of the top string on the stack, use copy():
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	218 <PRE>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	219 char *p = copy(sa);
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	220 </PRE>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	221 Note that copy differs greatly from (char *), in that copy
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	222 allocates storage for a new copy of the string. When you are
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	223 done with it you should delete it:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	224 <PRE>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	225 delete [] p;
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	226 </PRE>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	227 Note that copy() does not remove the string from the stack.
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	228 Use "--" to discard the string from the stack.
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	229 <P>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	230 <BR>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	231
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	232 <H2> Finding the Length of a String </H2>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	233
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	234 To find the length of the top string on the stack, use
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	235 size():
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	236 <PRE>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	237 unsigned n = size(sa);
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	238 </PRE>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	239 Like strlen, size does not count the terminating null
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	240 character.
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	241 <P>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	242 <BR>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	243
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	244 <H2> Resetting a string_accumulator </H2>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	245
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	246 The overloaded function reset() may be applied to a
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	247 string_accumulator to reset it to its initial state:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	248 <PRE>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	249 reset(sa);
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	250 </PRE>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	251 reset returns a reference to the string accumulator so that
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	252 you may reset it and append text in a single statement:
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	253 <PRE>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	254 reset(sa) << "Hello, world!";
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	255 </PRE>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	256 <P>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	257 <BR>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	258
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	259
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	260 <IMG ALIGN="bottom" SRC="../images/rbline6j.gif" ALT="----------------------"
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	261 WIDTH=1010 HEIGHT=2 >
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	262 <P>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	263 <IMG ALIGN="right" SRC="../images/pslrb6d.gif" ALT="Parsifal Software"
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	264 WIDTH=181 HEIGHT=25>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	265 <BR CLEAR="right">
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	266
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	267 <P>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	268 Back to :
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	269 <A HREF="../index.html">Index</A> \|
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	270 <A HREF="index.html">Class libraries for examples</A>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	271
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	272 <P>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	273 <ADDRESS><FONT SIZE="-1">
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	274 AnaGram parser generator - examples<BR>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	275 Class libraries - Character sink class definitions<BR>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	276 Copyright © 1993-1999, Parsifal Software. <BR>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	277 All Rights Reserved.<BR>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	278 </FONT></ADDRESS>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	279
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	280 </BODY>
13d2b8934445 Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial. David A. Holland parents: diff changeset	281 </HTML>

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