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Import AnaGram (near-)release tree into Mercurial.
author David A. Holland
date Sat, 22 Dec 2007 17:52:45 -0500
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1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN">
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2 <HTML>
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3 <HEAD>
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4 <TITLE>Getting Started with AnaGram</TITLE>
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5 </HEAD>
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6
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7 <BODY BGCOLOR="#ffffff" BACKGROUND="tilbl6h.gif"
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8 TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0033CC"
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9 VLINK="#CC0033" ALINK="#CC0099">
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10
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11 <P>
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12
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13 <IMG ALIGN="right" SRC="images/agrsl6c.gif" ALT="AnaGram"
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14 WIDTH=124 HEIGHT=30>
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15 <BR CLEAR="all">
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16 Back to <A HREF="index.html">Index</A>
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17 <P>
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18 <IMG ALIGN="bottom" SRC="images/rbline6j.gif" ALT="----------------------"
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19 WIDTH=1010 HEIGHT=2 >
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20
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21 <BR CLEAR="all">
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22
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23
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24 <H1>Getting Started with AnaGram</H1>
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25 <IMG ALIGN="bottom" SRC="images/rbline6j.gif" ALT="----------------------"
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26 WIDTH=1010 HEIGHT=2 >
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27 <P>
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28
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29 <A HREF = "#RunningAnaGram">Running AnaGram</A><BR>
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30 <A HREF = "#AnaGramHelp">AnaGram Help</A><BR>
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31 <A HREF = "#AnaGramWorks">How Anagram Works</A><BR>
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32 <A HREF = "#ProgDevelop">Program Development with AnaGram</A><BR>
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33 <A HREF = "#AnaGramExample">An AnaGram Example</A><BR>
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34 <A HREF = "#OtherExamples">Other AnaGram Examples</A><BR>
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35 <P>
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36 <BR>
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37
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38 <H2><A NAME="RunningAnaGram">Running AnaGram</A></H2>
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39 <P>There are two AnaGram executables: ag.exe is the graphical version; agcl.exe
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40 is a command line version, suitable for use in make files. If you provide
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41 a file name on the command line when you invoke ag.exe, it will load and
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42 analyze the file. If the Autobuild switch on the Options menu has been
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43 set AnaGram will also build a parser.
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44 <P>
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45 The command line version can accept any number of syntax files on the
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46 command line. It will attempt to build a parser for each in turn. If it
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47 fails it will return a non-zero value and will ignore any remaining
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48 command line arguments.
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49 <P>
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50 <BR>
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51
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52 <H2><A NAME="AnaGramHelp">AnaGram Help</A></H2>
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53 AnaGram has an online hypertext help system, with a Help Cursor, F1 help,
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54 flyover help, and a Help Topics window. Online Help windows stay on-screen
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55 until you dismiss them, so you can view any number at the same time.
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56 Right-clicking on an Online Help window brings up a popup menu of all
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57 linked topics in the window. For details, select Using Help from the Help menu
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58 of the Control Panel.
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59 <P>
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60 AnaGram's documentation in HTML format, part of which you are currently
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61 reading, is indexed in <A HREF="index.html">index.html</A>. It covers
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62 Getting Started, examples, and some further topics mainly condensed from
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63 the User's Guide.
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64 <P>
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65 The <A HREF=../usersguide.pdf>AnaGram User's Guide</A> provides the
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66 most detail, and could, if desired, be printed and bound.
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67 <P>
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68 <BR>
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69
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70 <H2><A NAME="AnaGramWorks">How AnaGram Works</A></H2>
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71 AnaGram contains an LALR-1 parser generator which creates a
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72 table driven <A HREF="gloss.html#Parser"> parser</A> from a
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73 <A HREF="gloss.html#Grammar"> grammar</A> written in a variant of
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74 Backus-Naur form. AnaGram works in two steps. In the first step,
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75 or analysis phase, it reads a <em>syntax
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76 file</em> and compiles a number of tables describing the grammar. In
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77 the second step, or build phase, it writes two output files: a
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78 <em>parser file</em>, written in C or C++, and a header file.
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79
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80 <p>
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81 The header file contains definitions and declarations. The parser file
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82 consists of:
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83 <UL>
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84 <LI>The <em>C prologue</em>, if any.</LI>
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85 <LI>Definitions and declarations provided by AnaGram.</LI>
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86 <LI><A HREF="gloss.html#ReductionProcedure"> Reduction
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87 procedures</A>.</LI>
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88 <LI>A customized <A HREF="gloss.html#ParsingEngine"> parsing
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89 engine</A>.</LI>
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90 </UL>
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91 <P> The name of the parser file is controlled
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92 by the <b> parser file name</b> parameter. The name of the parser
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93 itself, that is, the C symbol within the program, is controlled by
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94 <b>parser name</b>. In the default case, the
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95 parser file will have the same name as the syntax file, with the
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96 extension <tt>.c</tt>. The name of the parser will be the same as the name of
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97 the syntax file, except that it will be entirely lower case.
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98 <p>
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99 Syntax files normally have the extension <tt>.syn</tt>. The rules for
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100 writing syntax files are given in the AnaGram User's Guide and in
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101 appropriate help windows in AnaGram. A summary of the rules is
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102 given in <A HREF="summary.html">Summary of AnaGram Notation</A>. As with
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103 all programming languages, it is easiest to
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104 learn the basics of AnaGram from examples.
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105 <P>
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106 <BR>
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107
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108 <H2><A NAME="ProgDevelop">Program Development with AnaGram</A></H2>
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109 The first step in writing a program is to write a grammar in
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110 AnaGram notation which describes the input the program expects.<p>
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111 The file containing the grammar, called the <em>syntax file</em>, should have
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112 the extension <tt>.syn</tt>. You could also make up a few sample input
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113 files at this time, but it is not necessary to write
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114 <A HREF="gloss.html#ReductionProcedure"> reduction
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115 procedures</A> at this stage.
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116 <p>
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117 Run AnaGram and use the <em>Analyze Grammar</em> command to
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118 create parse tables. If there are syntax errors in the grammar at this
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119 point, you will have to correct them before proceeding, but you do
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120 not necessarily have to eliminate conflicts, if there are any, at this
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121 time. There are, however, many aids available to help you with
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122 conflicts. These aids are described in the AnaGram User's Guide,
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123 and somewhat more briefly in the Online Help topics.
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124 <p>
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125 Once syntax errors are corrected, you can try out your grammar
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126 on the sample input files using the <A HREF="ftrace.html">
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127 File Trace</A> facility described below. With File Trace, you can see
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128 interactively just how your grammar operates on your test files. You
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129 can also use <A HREF="gtrace.html"> GrammarTrace</A> to
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130 answer "what if" questions concerning input to the grammar. The
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131 Grammar Trace does not use a test file, but rather allows you to make
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132 input choices interactively.
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133 <p>
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134 At any time, you can write
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135 <A HREF="gloss.html#ReductionProcedure">
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136 reduction procedures</A> to process your input data as its components
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137 are identified in the input stream. Each procedure is associated
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138 with a <A HREF="gloss.html#GrammarRule"> grammar rule</A>. The
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139 reduction procedures will be incorporated into your parser when you
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140 create it with the <em>Build Parser</em> command.
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141
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142 <P>
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143 By default, unless you specify an input procedure, your parser will read
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144 input from <tt>stdin</tt>, using the default <tt>GET_INPUT</tt> macro. You will
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145 probably wish to redefine <tt>GET_INPUT</tt>, or configure your parser to use
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146 <B>pointer input</B> or <B>event driven</B> input.
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147 <P> <BR>
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148
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149 <H2><A NAME="AnaGramExample">An AnaGram Example: <tt>ffcalc.syn</tt></A></H2>
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150 <p>
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151 To give you a quick introduction to AnaGram notation, a simple,
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152 but complete, AnaGram program called <tt>ffcalc.syn</tt> is provided
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153 in <A HREF="examples/ffcex.html">annotated form</A>. This program may
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154 also be found
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155 in <tt>examples/ffcalc</tt> in your AnaGram distribution.
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156 <p>
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157 <tt>ffcalc.syn</tt> implements a simple four function calculator.
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158 The calculator has 52 registers, labeled `a' through `z' and `A'
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159 through `Z'. <tt>ffcalc</tt> evaluates arithmetic expressions and
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160 assignment statements and prints the results. The expressions may
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161 contain `+', `-', `*', and `/' operators as well as parentheses. In
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162 addition, <tt>ffcalc</tt> supports the free use of white space and C style
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163 comments in the input. It also contains complete error handling,
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164 including syntax error diagnostics, and
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165 <A HREF="gloss.html#Resynchronization"> resynchronization</A>.<p>
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166 <P>
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167 <BR>
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168
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169 <H2><A NAME="OtherExamples">Other AnaGram Examples</A></H2>
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170
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171 A number of other <A HREF="examples/index.html">examples</A>, ranging from
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172 nearly trivial to quite complex, have been provided on the AnaGram
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173 distribution disk in the <tt>examples</tt> directory. All of the examples are
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174 complete programs which you may build, compile and run.
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175
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176 <p>
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177 At the
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178 most elementary level, there are example files for Hello, World! (<tt>hw</tt>)
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179 and Fahrenheit/Celsius Conversion (<tt>fc</tt>). The documentation files for
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180 these examples are essentially tutorials in the use of AnaGram. A
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181 good way to familiarize yourself with AnaGram, therefore, is to try
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182 out these examples.
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183
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184 <p>
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185 You could also try building a <A
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186 HREF="gloss.html#Parser">parser</A> from <tt>ffcalc.syn</tt>. Compile and link
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187 it using your C compiler. Then try running it. Since it uses default
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188 input options which read <tt>stdin</tt> you can either type input
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189 directly, redirect input from one of the test files provided, or
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190 create your own test file.
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191
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192 <p>
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193 At the more advanced level, there is
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194 a complete, functional C macro preprocessor (<tt>mpp</tt>) with your choice of
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195 two C grammars. There is also a moderately complex scripting
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196 language (<tt>dsl</tt>) which provides the functionality of DOS batch files
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197 combined with standard programming constructs such as if statements
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198 and while statements. <tt>dsl</tt> also contains capability for describing
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199 data acquisition screens.
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200
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201 <p>
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202 For each example there is a
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203 subdirectory containing all of the source files necessary for the
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204 example as well as a documentation file explaining the example.
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205
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206 <p>
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207 A number of the examples have been written using C++. Some of these
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208 use class definitions which are found in the
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209 <A HREF="oldclasslib/index.html">oldclasslib</A>
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210 directory.
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211 </p>
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212 <BR>
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213
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214 <IMG ALIGN="bottom" SRC="images/rbline6j.gif" ALT="----------------------"
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215 WIDTH=1010 HEIGHT=2 >
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216 <P>
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217 <IMG ALIGN="right" SRC="images/pslrb6d.gif" ALT="Parsifal Software"
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218 WIDTH=181 HEIGHT=25>
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219 <BR CLEAR="right">
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220 <P>
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221
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222 <A HREF="index.html">Back to Index</A>
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223 <P>
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224 <ADDRESS><FONT SIZE="-1">
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225 AnaGram parser generator - documentation<BR>
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226 Getting Started With AnaGram<BR>
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227 Copyright &copy; 1993-1999, Parsifal Software. <BR>
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228 All Rights Reserved.<BR>
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229 </FONT></ADDRESS>
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230
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231 </BODY>
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232 </HTML>